Jackson D A, Imong S M, Wongsawasdii L, Silprasert A, Preunglampoo S, Leelapat P, Drewett R F, Amatayakul K, Baum J D
Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol.
Br J Nutr. 1992 Mar;67(2):149-64. doi: 10.1079/bjn19920019.
Current infant feeding guidelines recommend exclusive breast-feeding until the infant is about 4 months old to reduce the risks of early termination of breast-feeding, undernutrition and infection. In many societies, however, supplementary foods are given well before 4 months of age. The present paper describes weaning practices, factors associated with early supplementation and the effects of supplementation on duration of breast-feeding in a random sample of sixty northern Thai breast-fed infants studied prospectively from birth to 2 years of age. Composition of supplementary foods, energy and protein intake from supplements and changes in the supplementary diet with increasing infant age are also described. Rice-based foods were given from soon after birth; 81% of the sample had received supplements by 6 weeks of age. Early supplementary feeding was significantly associated with rural residence, large household size, maternal employment in agriculture and maternal age. Girls and infants with lower birth weights tended to be supplemented earlier. Despite early feeding of supplements, breast-feeding was prolonged, with median duration of 12 months. Early introduction of supplements and quantity of supplements consumed in the first 3 months were not associated with duration of breast-feeding. However, mothers who gave infant formula as the first supplementary food stopped breast-feeding slightly earlier, as did younger mothers living in households with more children.
当前的婴儿喂养指南建议纯母乳喂养至婴儿约4个月大，以降低提前终止母乳喂养、营养不良和感染的风险。然而，在许多社会中，辅食在4个月龄之前就已大量添加。本文描述了泰国北部60名母乳喂养婴儿从出生到2岁的前瞻性随机样本中的断奶做法、与早期添加辅食相关的因素以及添加辅食对母乳喂养持续时间的影响。还描述了辅食的成分、从辅食中摄入的能量和蛋白质以及随着婴儿年龄增长辅食饮食的变化。婴儿出生后不久就开始喂食以大米为基础的食物；81%的样本在6周龄时已接受过辅食。早期添加辅食与农村居住、家庭规模大、母亲从事农业工作以及母亲年龄显著相关。女孩和出生体重较低的婴儿往往更早开始添加辅食。尽管早期添加了辅食，但母乳喂养时间延长，中位持续时间为12个月。早期引入辅食以及头3个月摄入的辅食量与母乳喂养持续时间无关。然而，以婴儿配方奶粉作为第一种辅食的母亲停止母乳喂养的时间略早，居住在孩子较多家庭中的年轻母亲也是如此。
