Hufford Bradley J, Fastenau Philip S
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2005 Apr;27(3):255-77. doi: 10.1080/13803390490515478.
Although lowered awareness of abilities has been associated with poorer outcome in adults with neurological compromise, a dearth of research exists examining whether lowered awareness exists in younger populations. Using findings from recent literature and expert opinion, a 47-item Subjective Awareness of Neuropsychological Deficits Questionnaire for Children (SAND-C) was created to assess awareness of cognitive functioning in 6 domains (attention, psychomotor, visual-spatial, language, memory, and executive functioning). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the SAND-C was conducted on a sample consisting of 365 healthy children and 48 children with epilepsy. The SAND-C was found to have strong reliability. Factor analysis confirmed the a priori 6 factor model, but the 6-factor model was only marginally better than a more parsimonious 1-factor solution. Post-hoc exploratory factor analyses indicate that the SAND-C may measure more constructs for adolescents than for younger children. The difference between younger and older children may reflect developmental changes in metacognitive awareness and abstraction about their own abilities.
尽管能力意识降低与神经功能受损的成年人预后较差有关，但针对年轻人群中是否存在能力意识降低的研究却十分匮乏。利用近期文献的研究结果和专家意见，编制了一份包含47个条目的儿童神经心理缺陷主观意识问卷（SAND-C），以评估6个领域（注意力、心理运动、视觉空间、语言、记忆和执行功能）的认知功能意识。对由365名健康儿童和48名癫痫儿童组成的样本进行了SAND-C的验证性因素分析（CFA）。结果发现SAND-C具有很强的可靠性。因素分析证实了先验的6因素模型，但6因素模型仅略优于更简约的1因素模型。事后探索性因素分析表明，SAND-C对青少年测量的结构可能比对年幼儿童更多。年幼儿童和年长儿童之间的差异可能反映了元认知意识和对自身能力抽象理解的发展变化。
