Helton William S, Hollander Todd D, Warm Joel S, Matthews Gerald, Dember William N, Wallaart Matthew, Beauchamp Gerald, Parasuraman Raja, Hancock Peter A
Department of Psychology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
Br J Psychol. 2005 May;96(Pt 2):249-61. doi: 10.1348/000712605X38369.
Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, and Yiend (1997) have proposed that detection failures in vigilance tasks result from a 'mindless' withdrawal of attentional effort from the monitoring assignment. To explore that view, they modified the traditional vigilance task, in which observers make button-press responses to signify the detection of rarely occurring critical signals, to one in which button-press responses acknowledge frequently occurring non-signal events and response withholding signifies signal detection. This modification is designed to promote a mindless withdrawal of attentional effort from the task through routinization. The present study challenges the validity of the mindlessness model by showing that with both types of task, observers utilize subtle patterns in the temporal structure of critical signal appearances to develop expectations about the time course of those appearances that affect performance efficiency. Such expectations enhance performance on the traditional vigilance task, but degrade performance on the modified task.
罗伯逊、曼利、安德拉德、巴德利和延德（1997年）提出，警觉任务中的检测失败是由于注意力从监测任务中“无意识”地撤离。为了探究这一观点，他们对传统的警觉任务进行了修改，在传统任务中，观察者通过按下按钮来表示检测到罕见出现的关键信号，而在修改后的任务中，按下按钮表示确认频繁出现的非信号事件，不做出反应则表示检测到信号。这种修改旨在通过常规化促使注意力从任务中无意识地撤离。本研究对无意识模型的有效性提出了质疑，研究表明，在这两种任务类型中，观察者都会利用关键信号出现的时间结构中的微妙模式来形成对这些信号出现时间进程的预期，而这些预期会影响绩效效率。这种预期提高了传统警觉任务的绩效，但降低了修改后任务的绩效。
