Nazer Herrera Julio, García Huidobro Moira, Cifuentes Ovalle Lucía
Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2005 May;133(5):547-54. doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872005000500006. Epub 2005 Jun 17.
The risk of congenital malformations is two to three times higher among women with diabetes mellitus before pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is emerging as a risk factor for malformations.
To study the rate and type of congenital malformations among offspring of women with pre-gestational or gestational diabetes.
A search in the databases of the Collaborative Latin American Study for Congenital Malformations and of the Neonatology Unity of The University of Chile Clinical Hospital. All births from January 1998 through June 2004 were investigated.
In the study period, 13,965 births occurred, of which 0.7% were stillbirths and 8.1% had malformations. A total of 295 women (2.1%) had diabetes (gestational diabetes in 1.8% and pre gestational diabetes in 0.3%). The prevalence of congenital malformations was 14% and 18.3% among offspring of mothers with pre-gestational and gestational diabetes, respectively (p=NS). The prevalence of congenital malformations among offspring of non diabetic women was 7.9% (p <0.001 with respect to diabetic women). Major malformations were found in 83% and 70% of malformed offspring of women with pre-gestational and gestational diabetes, respectively.
Pregnant women with pre-existing or gestational diabetes have a higher risk of giving birth a child with malformations.
孕前患有糖尿病的女性发生先天性畸形的风险要高出两到三倍。妊娠期糖尿病正逐渐成为畸形的一个风险因素。
研究孕前糖尿病或妊娠期糖尿病女性后代中先天性畸形的发生率及类型。
检索拉丁美洲先天性畸形协作研究数据库以及智利大学临床医院新生儿科数据库。对1998年1月至2004年6月期间的所有分娩情况进行调查。
在研究期间，共发生13965例分娩，其中0.7%为死产，8.1%有畸形。共有295名女性（2.1%）患有糖尿病（1.8%为妊娠期糖尿病，0.3%为孕前糖尿病）。孕前糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病母亲的后代中先天性畸形的患病率分别为14%和18.3%（p=无显著性差异）。非糖尿病女性后代中先天性畸形的患病率为7.9%（与糖尿病女性相比，p<0.001）。孕前糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病女性的畸形后代中，分别有83%和70%存在严重畸形。
患有孕前糖尿病或妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇生出畸形儿的风险更高。
