Lefor Alan T
Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nutrition. 2005 Jul-Aug;21(7-8):878-82. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.10.011.
Although a great deal of human experimentation has been performed to elucidate information otherwise not obtainable, there are many recorded instances of unethical human experimentation. There is also a history of crimes that were committed and disguised as human experiments, best exemplified by the activities of some physicians in Nazi Germany from 1933 until 1945. As a direct result of these activities, a war-crimes trial after World War II resulted in the creation of the Nuremberg Code, to guide future human experimentation. Despite this, unethical experiments were conducted at major academic institutions in the United States in the years after World War II by otherwise normal physicians who did not feel that the Nuremberg Code applied to them personally. There are several possible explanations for such activities, but the desire for personal advancement is prominent among these. Episodes of scientific misconduct such as falsification of experimental data or of personal qualifications seem to be more commonly reported recently and have also been described in the popular press. This activity may also be motivated by desire for personal advancement, giving it a parallel to the conduct of unethical human experimentation. Education may be the best way to prevent these activities that may have similar motivating factors.
尽管为了阐明其他途径无法获得的信息已经进行了大量人体实验，但仍有许多不道德人体实验的记录案例。也有一些犯罪历史，这些犯罪被伪装成人体实验，纳粹德国1933年至1945年期间一些医生的活动就是最好的例证。这些活动的直接结果是，二战后的一次战争罪行审判促成了《纽伦堡法典》的制定，以指导未来的人体实验。尽管如此，二战后的几年里，美国一些主要学术机构中，一些原本正常的医生进行了不道德实验，他们认为《纽伦堡法典》并不适用于他们个人。对于此类活动有几种可能的解释，但其中个人晋升的欲望最为突出。诸如伪造实验数据或个人资质等科研不端行为的事件最近似乎更常被报道，大众媒体也对此进行了描述。这种行为也可能是出于个人晋升的欲望，这与不道德人体实验的行为类似。教育可能是预防这些可能有类似动机因素的活动的最佳方式。
