Katz J
Yale Law School, New Haven, Conn. 06511, USA.
JAMA. 1996 Nov 27;276(20):1662-6.
The Nuremberg Code includes 10 principles to guide physician-investigators in experiments involving human subjects. These principles, particularly the first principle on "voluntary consent," primarily were based on legal concepts because medical codes of ethics existent at the time of the Nazi atrocities did not address consent and other safeguards for human subjects. The US judges who presided over the proceedings did not intend the Code to apply only to the case before them, to be a response to the atrocities committed by the Nazi physicians, or to be inapplicable to research as it is customarily carried on in medical institutions. Instead, a careful reading of the judgment suggests that they wrote the Code for the practice of human experimentation whenever it is being conducted.
《纽伦堡法典》包含10项原则，以指导参与人体实验的医生研究者。这些原则，尤其是关于“自愿同意”的首要原则，主要基于法律概念，因为纳粹暴行发生时存在的医学伦理准则并未涉及人体受试者的同意及其他保障措施。主持相关程序的美国法官并不打算让该法典仅适用于他们面前的案件，仅作为对纳粹医生所犯罪行的回应，或者不适用于医疗机构通常进行的研究。相反，仔细研读该判决表明，他们编写该法典是为了适用于任何正在进行的人体实验实践。
