Rolls Barbara J, Roe Liane S, Beach Amanda M, Kris-Etherton Penny M
The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Obes Res. 2005 Jun;13(6):1052-60. doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.123.
The energy density (kilocalories per gram) of foods influences short-term energy intake. This 1-year clinical trial tested the effect on weight loss of a diet incorporating one or two servings per day of foods equal in energy but differing in energy density.
Dietitians instructed 200 overweight and obese women and men to follow an exchange-based energy-restricted diet. Additionally, subjects were randomized to consume daily either one or two servings of low energy-dense soup, two servings of high energy-dense snack foods, or no special food (comparison group).
All four groups showed significant weight loss at 6 months that was well maintained at 12 months. The magnitude of weight loss, however, differed by group (p=0.006). At 1 year, weight loss in the comparison (8.1+/-1.1 kg) and two-soup (7.2+/-0.9 kg) groups was significantly greater than that in the two-snack group (4.8+/-0.7 kg); weight loss in the one-soup group (6.1+/-1.1 kg) did not differ significantly from other groups. Weight loss was significantly correlated with the decrease in dietary energy density from baseline at 1 and 2 months (p=0.0001) but not at 6 and 12 months.
On an energy-restricted diet, consuming two servings of low energy-dense soup daily led to 50% greater weight loss than consuming the same amount of energy as high energy-dense snack food. Regularly consuming foods that are low in energy density can be an effective strategy for weight management.
食物的能量密度（每克千卡数）会影响短期能量摄入。这项为期1年的临床试验测试了一种饮食方式对体重减轻的影响，该饮食方式每天包含一份或两份能量相同但能量密度不同的食物。
营养师指导200名超重和肥胖的女性及男性遵循基于食物交换份的能量限制饮食。此外，受试者被随机分为每日食用一份或两份低能量密度汤、两份高能量密度休闲食品或不食用特殊食物（对照组）。
所有四组在6个月时均显示出显著的体重减轻，且在12个月时保持良好。然而，体重减轻的幅度因组而异（p = 0.006）。在1年时，对照组（8.1±1.1千克）和两份汤组（7.2±0.9千克）的体重减轻显著大于两份休闲食品组（4.8±0.7千克）；一份汤组（6.1±1.1千克）的体重减轻与其他组无显著差异。体重减轻与1个月和2个月时从基线开始的饮食能量密度降低显著相关（p = 0.0001），但在6个月和12个月时无此关联。
在能量限制饮食中，每天食用两份低能量密度汤比食用等量能量的高能量密度休闲食品导致的体重减轻多50%。经常食用能量密度低的食物可能是体重管理的有效策略。
