Williams Christine L, Strobino Barbara A, Brotanek Jane
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NY - Presbyterian, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007 May;58(3):217-30. doi: 10.1080/09637480701198083.
The present study evaluated weight loss and compliance outcomes for overweight adolescents assigned to one of two dietary interventions differing in the type of snacks allowed.
The study was a 12-week, controlled clinical trial, among otherwise healthy but overweight (body mass index >or=95th percentile) 11-year-old to 15-year-old girls who were randomly assigned to either a 1,500 kcal/day free-snack program or a 1,500 kcal/day restricted-snack program. All subjects were counseled to consume three servings of dairy products per day, and were provided with a 500 mg calcium supplement as well. Subjects in the free-snack group could choose any 150-calorie item as one of their two daily snacks, including regular soda if desired; however, subjects in the restricted-snack group were limited to diet soda.
Thirty-two adolescent girls completed the 12-week intervention. Both diets were equally effective in achieving a modest amount of weight loss, and were equally acceptable to the subjects. Significant decreases in weight, body mass index, anthropometric measures, total cholesterol and triglycerides were observed.
A 1,500 kcal/day diet allowing for a free snack of 150 calories was equally as effective as a more restricted snack policy in achieving a modest amount of weight loss among overweight 11-year-old to 15-year-old girls. In addition, results suggest that some soda may be included in a teen weight control diet, as long as caloric intake is maintained at recommended levels, and care is taken to achieve adequate intake of essential nutrients. Calcium intake among subjects was low at baseline, and, although it increased during the study (due to supplementation), further efforts to increase consumption of naturally calcium-rich and calcium-fortified foods and beverages are needed.
本研究评估了超重青少年在两种不同零食类型的饮食干预措施下的体重减轻情况和依从性结果。
该研究为一项为期12周的对照临床试验，研究对象为11岁至15岁、健康但超重（体重指数≥第95百分位数）的女孩，她们被随机分配到每日1500千卡的自由零食计划或每日1500千卡的限制零食计划中。所有受试者均接受建议，每天食用三份乳制品，并额外补充500毫克钙。自由零食组的受试者可以选择任何150卡路里的食物作为其每日两份零食之一，如有需要也可选择普通汽水；然而，限制零食组的受试者只能选择无糖汽水。
32名青春期女孩完成了12周的干预。两种饮食在实现适度体重减轻方面同样有效，且受试者对两者的接受程度相同。观察到体重、体重指数、人体测量指标、总胆固醇和甘油三酯均显著下降。
对于11岁至15岁超重女孩，每日1500千卡且允许一份150卡路里自由零食的饮食，在实现适度体重减轻方面与更严格的零食政策同样有效。此外，结果表明，只要热量摄入维持在推荐水平，并注意确保摄入足够的必需营养素，青少年体重控制饮食中可以包含一些汽水。受试者的钙摄入量在基线时较低，尽管在研究期间有所增加（由于补充），但仍需要进一步努力增加天然富含钙和钙强化食品及饮料的摄入量。
