DiClemente Ralph J, Wingood Gina M, Lang Delia L, Crosby Richard A, Salazar Laura F, Harrington Kathy, Hertzberg Vicki Stover
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Pediatrics. 2005 Jul;116(1):78-81. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-1537.
The purpose of this study was to identify adverse health consequences that may co-occur with depression among black female adolescents.
Adolescents were recruited from high-risk neighborhoods in Birmingham, Alabama. The sample comprised 460 black female adolescents (aged 14-18 years) who completed assessments at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Only adolescents who consistently scored above the threshold for depression at all 3 assessments (n = 76) or below the threshold at all 3 assessments (n = 174) were included (N = 250) in the data analysis. Within this sample, adolescents who were depressed were compared with those who were not depressed with respect to the following health consequences: low self-esteem, emotional abuse, physical abuse, verbal abuse, poor body image, and antisocial behavior.
Using generalized estimating equations and controlling for covariates, depressed adolescents were 5.3 times more likely to report low self-esteem, 4.3 times more likely to report emotional abuse, 3.7 times more likely to report being physically abused, and almost 3 times as likely to report being verbally abused. Furthermore, depressed adolescents were more than twice as likely to report poor body image and nearly twice as likely to report engaging in antisocial behaviors.
The findings suggest that a broad range of adverse health consequences may accompany depression among black female adolescents. Physicians need to be alert to the co-occurrence of depression and low self-esteem; emotional, physical, and verbal abuse; poor body image; and antisocial behaviors among this population.
本研究旨在确定可能与黑人女性青少年抑郁症同时出现的不良健康后果。
从阿拉巴马州伯明翰市的高风险社区招募青少年。样本包括460名黑人女性青少年（年龄在14 - 18岁之间），她们在基线、6个月和12个月时完成了评估。数据分析仅纳入在所有3次评估中抑郁得分均持续高于阈值的青少年（n = 76）或均低于阈值的青少年（n = 174）（N = 250）。在这个样本中，将抑郁的青少年与未抑郁的青少年在以下健康后果方面进行比较：自卑、情感虐待、身体虐待、言语虐待、不良身体形象和反社会行为。
使用广义估计方程并控制协变量，抑郁的青少年报告自卑的可能性高5.3倍，报告情感虐待的可能性高4.3倍，报告身体虐待的可能性高3.7倍，报告言语虐待的可能性几乎高3倍。此外，抑郁的青少年报告不良身体形象的可能性高出两倍多，报告参与反社会行为的可能性高出近两倍。
研究结果表明，黑人女性青少年抑郁症可能伴有广泛的不良健康后果。医生需要警惕该人群中抑郁症与自卑、情感、身体和言语虐待、不良身体形象以及反社会行为的同时出现。
