Neff L J, Sargent R G, McKeown R E, Jackson K L, Valois R F
Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1997 Jun;20(6):459-65. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00273-X.
This study compares body size perceptions and weight management practices of black and white adolescent females.
Subjects were selected through a statewide, three-stage sampling procedure designed to provide a sample statistically representative of high school students in South Carolina.
Participants included black (n = 1824) and white (n = 2256) females, 14-18 years of age, enrolled in South Carolina public high schools.
Respondents were asked to assess their perceived body size as overweight, underweight, or about right. Self-reported weight management practices included dieting (reducing caloric intake), exercise, and other methods (including diet pills and vomiting). Chisquare analysis was used to assess the differences in body size perception and weight management behaviors. Polychotomous logistic regression was performed to examine association while controlling for socioeconomic status.
Forty-one percent of the white adolescents and 29% of the black adolescents perceive themselves as overweight (p < 0.005). In the week prior to the survey, 28% of the white adolescents and 13% of the black adolescents reported dieting 34% of the while versus 23% of the black adolescents reported exercising to lose weight; and 45% of the white and 16% of the black students reported both dieting and exercising. Polychotomous logistic regression analysis showed that white adolescent girls were almost twice as likely to perceive themselves as overweight as black adolescent girls. The white students had 6.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.77, 20.67] times the odds of using pills and vomiting and 3.76 (95% CI, 2.99, 4.72) times the odds of engaging in dieting and exercising as methods of weight management compared to the black students.
These findings suggest that white adolescents are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight than black adolescents and are more likely to engage in unhealthy weight management practices than black adolescents.
本研究比较黑人和白人青少年女性对身体大小的认知以及体重管理行为。
通过全州范围的三阶段抽样程序选取研究对象，该程序旨在提供一个在统计学上能代表南卡罗来纳州高中生的样本。
参与者包括14至18岁、就读于南卡罗来纳州公立高中的黑人女性（n = 1824）和白人女性（n = 2256）。
受访者被要求评估自己所感知的身体大小是超重、体重过轻还是恰到好处。自我报告的体重管理行为包括节食（减少热量摄入）、锻炼以及其他方法（包括服用减肥药和催吐）。采用卡方分析来评估身体大小认知和体重管理行为的差异。进行多分类逻辑回归分析以检验在控制社会经济地位的情况下的关联。
41%的白人青少年和29%的黑人青少年认为自己超重（p < 0.005）。在调查前一周，28%的白人青少年和13%的黑人青少年报告节食；34%的白人青少年和23%的黑人青少年报告通过锻炼来减肥；45%的白人学生和16%的黑人学生报告既节食又锻炼。多分类逻辑回归分析表明，白人青少年女孩认为自己超重的可能性几乎是黑人青少年女孩的两倍。与黑人学生相比，白人学生使用药物和催吐作为体重管理方法的几率是黑人学生的6.04倍[95%置信区间（CI），1.77，20.67]，而将节食和锻炼作为体重管理方法的几率是黑人学生的3.76倍（95% CI，2.99，4.72）。
这些发现表明，白人青少年比黑人青少年更有可能认为自己超重，并且比黑人青少年更有可能采取不健康的体重管理行为。
