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内分泌干扰化学物质对日本鹌鹑繁殖的影响。

Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in Japanese quail.

作者信息

Halldin Krister

机构信息

Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.

出版信息

Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2005 Aug;29(2):420-9. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.036. Epub 2005 Apr 7.

Abstract

Many environmental contaminants can interact with the endocrine system, thereby potentially disrupting the reproductive fitness of individuals. In avian species, the egg-yolk is a major route for excretion of lipophilic compounds by the adult female bird and embryos are exposed to contaminants that have been deposited in the eggs. The reproductive and neuroendocrine system of Japanese quail undergoes sexual differentiation during embryo development. The phenotypic sex, including sex-specific adult behavior, is hormonally imprinted already before hatching. The sexual differentiation of the brain in quail is sensitive to estrogens and the presence of estrogen results in a female phenotype. The relatively low concentration of estrogens in male embryos, on the other hand, results in a male behavioral phenotype. The behavior of male quail can be demasculinized by estrogen exposure during the period of sexual differentiation, and estrogen-exposed males are not able to display a male-typical behavior as adults. Also, differentiation of the reproductive organs is sensitive to hormones during embryogenesis, and an excess of estrogens can for instance induce persistent morphological changes in the reproductive organs of females. Our research has focused on effects in adult birds after embryonic estrogen exposure. We have studied sexual behavior and other reproductive variables in adult quail after in ovo injection of known and suspected estrogenic compounds. Synthetic estrogens and insecticides, such as o,p'-DDT altered the development of the neural system and resulted in demasculinization of male quail. In females, o,p'-DDT caused morphological changes of the oviduct and egg laying was reduced. Our studies suggest that the neural system and the female reproductive system of avian embryos are very sensitive to the effects of chemicals with estrogenic activity.

摘要

许多环境污染物可与内分泌系统相互作用,从而有可能破坏个体的生殖健康。在鸟类中,蛋黄是成年雌鸟排泄亲脂性化合物的主要途径,胚胎会接触到沉积在蛋中的污染物。日本鹌鹑的生殖和神经内分泌系统在胚胎发育过程中会发生性别分化。包括性别特异性成年行为在内的表型性别在孵化前就已受到激素印记。鹌鹑大脑的性别分化对雌激素敏感,雌激素的存在会导致雌性表型。另一方面,雄性胚胎中雌激素浓度相对较低会导致雄性行为表型。在性别分化期间,雄性鹌鹑的行为会因接触雌激素而发生去雄化,接触雌激素的雄性成年后无法表现出典型的雄性行为。此外,生殖器官的分化在胚胎发生过程中对激素敏感,例如,过量的雌激素会导致雌性生殖器官持续的形态变化。我们的研究重点是胚胎期接触雌激素后对成年鸟类的影响。我们研究了在卵内注射已知和疑似雌激素化合物后成年鹌鹑的性行为和其他生殖变量。合成雌激素和杀虫剂,如o,p'-滴滴涕,改变了神经系统的发育,并导致雄性鹌鹑去雄化。在雌性中,o,p'-滴滴涕导致输卵管形态变化,产蛋量减少。我们的研究表明,鸟类胚胎的神经系统和雌性生殖系统对具有雌激素活性的化学物质的影响非常敏感。

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