Huver Rose M E, Engels Rutger C M E, de Vries Hein
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Health Educ Res. 2006 Feb;21(1):66-77. doi: 10.1093/her/cyh045. Epub 2005 Jul 6.
The aim of this study was to explain the effects of anti-smoking parenting practices on adolescent smoking cognitions and behavior by showing the mediating effects of cognitions. Data were gathered among Dutch high school students in the control condition of the European Smoking prevention Framework Approach (ESFA). Anti-smoking parenting practices were measured by parental reactions to smoking, house rules, and frequency and content of communication about smoking. Attitudes, perceived social influences and self-efficacy made up for smoking cognitions. Additionally, intention to smoke was measured. Relations between practices and cognitions were mostly significant. While some practices were associated with less smoking (communication about health risks of smoking, health risks of breathing in smoke, addictive qualities of smoking and attention for smoking in school), others were related to increased chances of smoking (rewards for not smoking, frequency of communication about smoking, communication about being allowed to smoke, price of cigarettes and friends smoking). The effects of parenting hardly varied by parental smoking status or adolescent gender. Several practices operated through cognitions, which was more pronounced in older adolescents. Counter-productive effects of practices and the few effects in the longitudinal analyses indicate that the order in which parents and adolescents influence each other should be examined more closely.
本研究的目的是通过展示认知的中介作用来解释反吸烟育儿方式对青少年吸烟认知和行为的影响。数据收集于欧洲预防吸烟框架方法（ESFA）对照条件下的荷兰高中生。反吸烟育儿方式通过父母对吸烟的反应、家庭规则以及关于吸烟的沟通频率和内容来衡量。态度、感知到的社会影响和自我效能构成了吸烟认知。此外，还测量了吸烟意愿。育儿方式与认知之间的关系大多具有显著性。虽然一些育儿方式与较少吸烟相关（关于吸烟健康风险、吸入烟雾的健康风险、吸烟成瘾性以及在学校对吸烟的关注的沟通），但其他一些则与吸烟几率增加有关（不吸烟的奖励、关于吸烟的沟通频率、关于允许吸烟的沟通、香烟价格以及朋友吸烟）。育儿方式的影响几乎不因父母吸烟状况或青少年性别而有所不同。几种育儿方式通过认知起作用，在年龄较大的青少年中更为明显。育儿方式的适得其反效果以及纵向分析中的少数效果表明，应更密切地研究父母与青少年相互影响的顺序。
