合成代谢类固醇对运动员的不良影响。一个持续存在的威胁。
Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes. A constant threat.
作者信息
Maravelias C, Dona A, Stefanidou M, Spiliopoulou C
机构信息
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Athens, Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, Athens 115 27, Greece.
出版信息
Toxicol Lett. 2005 Sep 15;158(3):167-75. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.005.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used as ergogenic aids by athletes and non-athletes to enhance performance by augmenting muscular development and strength. AAS administration is often associated with various adverse effects that are generally dose related. High and multi-doses of AAS used for athletic enhancement can lead to serious and irreversible organ damage. Among the most common adverse effects of AAS are some degree of reduced fertility and gynecomastia in males and masculinization in women and children. Other adverse effects include hypertension and atherosclerosis, blood clotting, jaundice, hepatic neoplasms and carcinoma, tendon damage, psychiatric and behavioral disorders. More specifically, this article reviews the reproductive, hepatic, cardiovascular, hematological, cerebrovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal, immunologic and psychologic effects. Drug-prevention counseling to athletes is highlighted and the use of anabolic steroids is must be avoided, emphasizing that sports goals may be met within the framework of honest competition, free of doping substances.
合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）被运动员和非运动员用作提高运动成绩的辅助药物，通过增强肌肉发育和力量来提升表现。使用AAS通常会伴随各种不良反应，这些反应一般与剂量相关。用于提高运动成绩的高剂量和多剂量AAS会导致严重且不可逆的器官损伤。AAS最常见的不良反应包括男性一定程度的生育能力下降和乳腺增生，以及女性和儿童的男性化。其他不良反应包括高血压和动脉粥样硬化、血液凝固、黄疸、肝脏肿瘤和癌症、肌腱损伤、精神和行为障碍。更具体地说，本文回顾了其对生殖、肝脏、心血管、血液、脑血管、肌肉骨骼、内分泌、肾脏、免疫和心理方面的影响。强调了对运动员进行药物预防咨询，并必须避免使用合成代谢类固醇，强调在公平竞争、不使用兴奋剂的框架内可以实现运动目标。
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