Chong Theng Lee, Matsufuji Yasushi, Hassan Mohd Nasir
Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Waste Manag. 2005;25(7):702-11. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.008.
Most of the existing solid waste landfill sites in developing countries are practicing either open dumping or controlled dumping. Proper sanitary landfill concepts are not fully implemented due to technological and financial constraints. Implementation of a fully engineered sanitary landfill is necessary and a more economically feasible landfill design is crucial, particularly for developing countries. This study was carried out by focusing on the economics from the development of a new landfill site within a natural clay area with no cost of synthetic liner up to 10 years after its closure by using the Fukuoka method semi-aerobic landfill system. The findings of the study show that for the development of a 15-ha landfill site in Malaysia with an estimated volume of 2,000,000 m(3), the capital investment required was about US 1,312,895 dollars, or about US 0.84 dollars/tonne of waste. Assuming that the lifespan of the landfill is 20 years, the total cost of operation was about US 11,132,536 dollars or US 7.15 dollars/tonne of waste. The closure cost of the landfill was estimated to be US 1,385,526 dollars or US 0.89 dollars/tonne of waste. Therefore, the total cost required to dispose of a tonne of waste at the semi-aerobic landfill was estimated to be US 8.89 dollars. By considering an average tipping fee of about US 7.89 dollars/tonne of waste in Malaysia in the first year, and an annual increase of 3% to about US 13.84 dollars in year-20, the overall system recorded a positive revenue of US 1,734,749 dollars. This is important information for the effort of privatisation of landfill sites in Malaysia, as well as in other developing countries, in order to secure efficient and effective landfill development and management.
发展中国家现有的大多数固体废弃物填埋场都采用露天倾倒或受控倾倒的方式。由于技术和资金限制，适当的卫生填埋概念并未得到充分实施。实施完全工程化的卫生填埋是必要的，而更经济可行的填埋场设计至关重要，特别是对于发展中国家。本研究聚焦于在天然粘土区域开发一个新的填埋场的经济情况，该填埋场在使用福冈半好氧填埋系统关闭后长达10年内无需合成衬垫成本。研究结果表明，对于在马来西亚开发一个面积为15公顷、估计容量为200万立方米的填埋场，所需的资本投资约为1,312,895美元，即每吨废弃物约0.84美元。假设填埋场的使用寿命为20年，运营总成本约为11,132,536美元，即每吨废弃物7.15美元。填埋场的关闭成本估计为1,385,526美元，即每吨废弃物0.89美元。因此，在半好氧填埋场处置一吨废弃物所需的总成本估计为8.89美元。考虑到马来西亚第一年每吨废弃物约7.89美元的平均倾倒费，并以每年3%的速度增长，到第20年约为13.84美元，整个系统记录了1,734,749美元的正收入。这对于马来西亚以及其他发展中国家填埋场私有化的努力而言是重要信息，以便确保高效且有效的填埋场开发与管理。
