Kankkunen Päivi, Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri, Pietilä Anna-Maija
University of Kuopio, Department of Nursing Science, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Nurs Ethics. 2002 Jan;9(1):80-91. doi: 10.1191/0969733002ne483oa.
The purpose of this article is to describe the main ethical issues in paediatric nontherapeutic qualitative pain research. It is based on an analysis of the research literature related to ethical issues in research and on experiences from a family interview study focusing on pain assessment and management in children aged 1-6 years. In addition, different views concerning obtaining informed consent from children, as published in the research literature, are compared. Ethical challenges occur during all stages of qualitative research. The risks of emotional distress and possible benefits of the results must be assessed prior to conducting a study. However, risks and harm are difficult to avoid in a study in which the research area, pain, raises emotional distress in both parents and children. The children's assent and parental permission are both required. It is essential to obtain informed consent from all family members when family research is conducted. Participants' privacy and confidentiality should be protected during data collection, analysis and publication. Protecting children from harm may be impossible during pain research in which they are required to recall a painful postoperative period. However, after data collection they can be assisted to focus on pleasant activities, for example, by engaging in playful activities with them. Finally, the role of the nurse and the researcher should be carefully assessed, especially in qualitative research, in order to be able to analyse the data and report the findings in an unbiased manner.
本文旨在描述儿科非治疗性定性疼痛研究中的主要伦理问题。它基于对与研究伦理问题相关的研究文献的分析，以及一项针对1 - 6岁儿童疼痛评估与管理的家庭访谈研究的经验。此外，还比较了研究文献中关于获得儿童知情同意的不同观点。定性研究的各个阶段都会出现伦理挑战。在开展研究之前，必须评估情绪困扰的风险和研究结果可能带来的益处。然而，在一个研究领域为疼痛的研究中，父母和孩子都会产生情绪困扰，风险和伤害难以避免。儿童的同意和父母的许可都必不可少。进行家庭研究时，必须获得所有家庭成员的知情同意。在数据收集、分析和发表过程中，应保护参与者的隐私和保密性。在疼痛研究中，要求儿童回忆术后疼痛期时，可能无法保护他们免受伤害。然而，在数据收集之后，可以通过与他们进行有趣的活动等方式，帮助他们专注于愉快的活动。最后，应仔细评估护士和研究人员的角色，尤其是在定性研究中，以便能够以无偏见的方式分析数据并报告研究结果。
