Lippman Louis G, Tragesser Sarah L
Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9089, USA.
J Gen Psychol. 2005 Jul;132(3):231-42.
In the present study, redundancy (low, medium, or high association between the adverb and sentence content) and contextual connection (presence vs. absence of a meaning-based connection between the adverb and other information in the sentence) were manipulated systematically in Tom Swifties (single-sentence wordplays in which a pun is based on the adverb at the end of the sentence). Sixty-nine university students provided ratings of each Swifty's humorousness, cleverness, and coherence and of their reactions to each (tendency to smile, laugh, and groan). Added context led to greater perceived coherence. In keeping with optimal level of arousal arising from resolution of incongruity, an inverted-U redundancy effect was obtained for all scales except "groan." The authors suggest that a social setting is a required but not a sufficient condition for a pun to evoke a groan. It also requires material of greater length that includes some build-up, as found in a fable or shaggy-dog story.
在本研究中，对“汤姆·斯威夫特式妙语”（一种单句文字游戏，其中双关语基于句末的副词）中的冗余（副词与句子内容之间的低、中或高关联）和语境联系（副词与句子中其他信息之间是否存在基于意义的联系）进行了系统操纵。69名大学生对每个妙语的幽默程度、巧妙程度和连贯性以及他们对每个妙语的反应（微笑、大笑和呻吟的倾向）进行了评分。添加语境会导致更高的感知连贯性。与因解决不一致性而产生的最佳唤醒水平一致，除了“呻吟”量表外，所有量表都获得了倒U形冗余效应。作者认为，社交环境是双关语引发呻吟的必要但非充分条件。它还需要更长篇幅的素材，包括一些铺垫，就像在寓言或冗长乏味的故事中那样。
