Johansson N Olof, Andersson Jan, Rönnberg Jerker
Department of Caring Sciences, Orebro University, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 2005 Aug;46(4):349-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2005.00465.x.
This study investigates collaborative memory performance in very old married couples working in two types of participant constellations, and with two types of memory tasks, i.e. working as couples, or as individuals in episodic or semantic memory tasks. Sixty-two old married couples were a priori classified as high or low on two dimensions suggested to be important for successful collaboration, i.e. responsibility (how division of responsibility was organized) and agreement (how they mutually agreed on each other's view). The episodic memory task was immediate recall of short stories. The semantic memory tasks were to answer questions about names, places, and concepts. The results suggested that: (1) groups outperformed a single individual, but (2) groups in general suffered from collaboration relative to the predicted potential in episodic tasks only, thus replicating earlier results. Nevertheless, (3) the couples scoring high on division of responsibility achieved the same productivity as nominal pairs (i.e. the predicted potential); (4) the couples scoring high on the agreement dimension showed that they were not as affected by collaboration, but then performed less well in "absolute" performance. Finally, the results were discussed in terms of optimal compensation strategies, especially for elderly couples.
本研究调查了非常年老的已婚夫妇在两种参与者组合类型以及两种记忆任务下的协作记忆表现，即作为夫妻共同完成任务，或在情景记忆或语义记忆任务中作为个体完成任务。62对老年已婚夫妇在两个被认为对成功协作很重要的维度上被预先分类为高或低，这两个维度即责任（责任分工是如何组织的）和共识（他们如何相互认同彼此的观点）。情景记忆任务是对短篇小说的即时回忆。语义记忆任务是回答关于名字、地点和概念的问题。结果表明：（1）小组的表现优于单个个体，但（2）只有在情景任务中，小组总体上相对于预测潜力受到了协作的负面影响，从而重复了早期的结果。然而，（3）在责任分工方面得分高的夫妻达到了与名义配对（即预测潜力）相同的生产力；（4）在共识维度上得分高的夫妻表明他们受协作的影响较小，但在“绝对”表现方面则表现较差。最后，从最优补偿策略的角度对结果进行了讨论，特别是针对老年夫妇。
