Adewumi M O, Donbraye E, Odaibo G N, Bakarey A S, Opaleye O O, Olaleye D O
Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
J Trop Pediatr. 2006 Apr;52(2):92-5. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmi075. Epub 2005 Jul 13.
In May 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. Despite the reported success in national immunization days, acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and accelerated efforts to meet the deadline including 'mopping-up' were executed in 1999 and subsequent years. Nigeria remains one of the major reservoirs for wild poliovirus transmission. Neutralizing antibody titre to the three poliovirus serotypes was determined among children from different communities in southwest of Nigeria, and analysed by age, gender and location. About 0.5-2 ml of blood sample was collected by venepuncture from each child. Aliquot of serum from each blood sample was inactivated prior to neutralization test by the beta method for poliovirus antibodies. A total of 347 (59.6 per cent) out of 500 and 82 children enrolled for the study had at least antibody titre of 1:8 against each of the three poliovirus serotypes. Immunity level to the three poliovirus serotypes increased with age and peaked in children aged 4-6 years. Seven (53.8 per cent) out of 13 unvaccinated children tested in the study had detectable neutralizing antibody to the three serotypes. Immunity pattern of P2 > P1 and P3 was observed but no correlation between gender and antibody to the poliovirus serotypes. The populations had 59.6 per cent herd immunity for the three poliovirus serotypes. In a country with high incidence of poliomyelitis this situation leaves a high number of non-immunized children at the risk of infection with one or more poliovirus serotypes.
1988年5月，世界卫生大会决定到2000年在全球根除脊髓灰质炎。尽管在全国免疫日取得了报道中的成功，但1999年及随后几年仍开展了急性弛缓性麻痹监测以及为按时完成目标而加快的努力，包括“扫荡”行动。尼日利亚仍然是野生脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的主要疫源地之一。在尼日利亚西南部不同社区的儿童中测定了针对三种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型的中和抗体滴度，并按年龄、性别和地点进行了分析。通过静脉穿刺从每个儿童采集约0.5 - 2毫升血样。每个血样的血清等分试样在通过脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体的β法进行中和试验之前进行灭活。参与该研究的500名儿童和82名儿童中，共有347名（59.6%）针对三种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型中的每一种至少具有1:8的抗体滴度。对三种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型的免疫水平随年龄增加而升高，并在4 - 6岁儿童中达到峰值。在该研究中检测的13名未接种疫苗的儿童中有7名（53.8%）对三种血清型具有可检测到的中和抗体。观察到P2 > P1和P3的免疫模式，但性别与脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型抗体之间无相关性。这些人群对三种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型具有59.6%的群体免疫力。在一个脊髓灰质炎发病率高的国家，这种情况使大量未免疫儿童面临感染一种或多种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型的风险。
