Movaghar Afarin Rahimi, Goodarzi Reza Rad, Izadian Elaheh, Mohammadi Mohammad Reza, Hosseini Mehdi, Vazirian Mohsen
Department of Mental Health Research, National Research Center for Medical Sciences of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
J Urban Health. 2005 Sep;82(3):370-7. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jti089. Epub 2005 Jul 13.
In the final days of the year 2003, an earthquake in the city of Bam, Iran, led to the death of some 35,000 of its inhabitants. The rate of opium abuse, which had been high among the male population in this city, caused problems after the earthquake. The aim of the following study was to examine the status of substance abusers during the first 2 weeks after the earthquake. The study was carried out in the city of Bam, one of its nearby villages and eight hospitals admitting earthquake victims. One hundred and sixty-three individuals were interviewed, including substance abusers, their family members, people living in Bam, service providers, and the authorities. During the first 2 weeks after the earthquake, about half of drug-dependent interviewees suffered from withdrawal symptoms. About half reported their problems to health care providers and asked for morphine or other analgesics. Around one third had used opium on the first day and two thirds in the course of the second day to the end of the second week after the earthquake. Although smoking had been the most common means of abuse before the earthquake, oral intake has become the most prevalent route after the disaster. Almost all obtained their opium from inhabitants of other cities as gifts. Members of rescue and health delivery systems had a lot of encounters with opium abusers, especially in the first 3 days after the earthquake, and had prescribed morphine and other analgesics. In societies with a considerable prevalence of substance abuse, this issue becomes a matter of utmost health care and social importance at times of disasters, and the necessary arrangements to deal with it should be present beforehand.
2003年末，伊朗巴姆市发生地震，约3.5万居民丧生。该市男性群体中鸦片滥用率一直很高，地震后引发了诸多问题。以下研究的目的是调查地震后前两周内药物滥用者的状况。研究在巴姆市、其附近的一个村庄以及收治地震受害者的八家医院开展。共对163人进行了访谈，包括药物滥用者、他们的家庭成员、巴姆市居民、服务提供者以及当局人员。地震后的前两周内，约半数依赖药物的受访者出现了戒断症状。约半数向医疗服务提供者报告了他们的问题，并索要吗啡或其他镇痛药。约三分之一的人在地震后的第一天使用了鸦片，三分之二的人在第二天至第二周周末期间使用了鸦片。尽管地震前吸烟是最常见的滥用方式，但灾后口服摄入已成为最普遍的途径。几乎所有人的鸦片都是从其他城市居民那里作为礼物获得的。救援和医疗系统人员与鸦片滥用者有很多接触，尤其是在地震后的头三天，并开具了吗啡和其他镇痛药。在药物滥用相当普遍的社会中，这一问题在灾难时期成为极其重要的医疗和社会问题，应对此的必要安排应提前就绪。
