Vlahov David, Galea Sandro, Resnick Heidi, Ahern Jennifer, Boscarino Joseph A, Bucuvalas Michael, Gold Joel, Kilpatrick Dean
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-5283, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jun 1;155(11):988-96. doi: 10.1093/aje/155.11.988.
The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were the largest human-made disaster in the United States since the Civil War. Studies after earlier disasters have reported rates of psychological disorders in the acute postdisaster period. However, data on postdisaster increases in substance use are sparse. A random digit dial telephone survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of increased cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and marijuana use among residents of Manhattan, New York City, 5-8 weeks after the attacks. Among 988 persons included, 28.8% reported an increase in use of any of these three substances, 9.7% reported an increase in smoking, 24.6% reported an increase in alcohol consumption, and 3.2% reported an increase in marijuana use. Persons who increased smoking of cigarettes and marijuana were more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder than were those who did not (24.2% vs. 5.6% posttraumatic stress disorder for cigarettes; 36.0% vs. 6.6% for marijuana). Depression was more common among those who increased than for those who did not increase cigarette smoking (22.1 vs. 8.2%), alcohol consumption (15.5 vs. 8.3%), and marijuana smoking (22.3 vs. 9.4%). The results of this study suggest a substantial increase in substance use in the acute postdisaster period after the September 11th attacks. Increase in use of different substances may be associated with the presence of different comorbid psychiatric conditions.
2001年9月11日的恐怖袭击是美国自南北战争以来最大的人为灾难。早期灾难后的研究报告了灾难后急性期心理障碍的发生率。然而，关于灾难后物质使用增加的数据却很稀少。我们进行了一项随机数字拨号电话调查，以估计纽约市曼哈顿居民在袭击发生后5至8周内吸烟、饮酒和使用大麻增加的患病率。在纳入的988人中，28.8%的人报告这三种物质中的任何一种使用量增加，9.7%的人报告吸烟量增加，24.6%的人报告饮酒量增加，3.2%的人报告大麻使用量增加。与未增加吸烟和大麻使用量的人相比，增加吸烟和大麻使用量的人更有可能经历创伤后应激障碍（吸烟导致创伤后应激障碍的比例为24.2%对5.6%；大麻为36.0%对6.6%）。与未增加吸烟量、饮酒量和大麻使用量的人相比，增加这些物质使用量的人患抑郁症更为常见（吸烟：22.1%对8.2%；饮酒：15.5%对8.3%；大麻：22.3%对9.4%）。这项研究的结果表明，9·11袭击后急性期物质使用量大幅增加。不同物质使用量的增加可能与不同的共病精神疾病有关。
