Krustrup Peter, Mohr Magni, Ellingsgaard Helga, Bangsbo Jens
Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Jul;37(7):1242-8. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000170062.73981.94.
To examine the activity profile and physical loading of elite female soccer players during match play and to study the relationship between training status and physical match performance.
Time-motion analysis and HR recordings were performed on 14 elite female soccer players during competitive matches. In addition, the players carried out a laboratory treadmill test and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test.
The total distance covered during a game was 10.3 km (range: 9.7-11.3) with high-intensity running (HIR) accounting for 1.31 km (0.71-1.70). HIR was performed 125 times (72-159) for 2.3 s (2.0-2.4) on average. The average and peak HR in a game were 167 beats per minute (bpm) (152-186) and 186 (171-205), respectively, corresponding to 87% (81-93) and 97% (96-100) of HR(max). Maximal pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2max) was 49.4 mL.min(-1).kg(-1) (43.4-56.8), and incremental treadmill test (ITT) performance was 4.49 min (3.38-5.17). The Yo-Yo test performance was 1379 m (600-1960). The total distance covered during match play did not correlate with VO2max or ITT performance but correlated with the Yo-Yo test result (r = 0.56, P < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between HIR and VO2max (r = 0.81, P < 0.05), ITT (r = 0.82, P < 0.05), and Yo-Yo test performance (r = 0.76, P < 0.05). No relationship was observed between HR(max) during match play and any of the performance measures.
The present study demonstrated that 1) HIR during games varies markedly between elite female soccer players, 2) all players have high HR throughout a competitive game with periods of near-maximal values, 3) the distance covered by HIR during match play is closely related to the physical capacity, and 4) the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test can be used as an indicator of the physical match performance of elite female players.
研究精英女子足球运动员在比赛中的活动概况和身体负荷，并探讨训练状态与比赛身体表现之间的关系。
对14名精英女子足球运动员在比赛期间进行了时间动作分析和心率记录。此外，运动员还进行了实验室跑步机测试和Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试。
比赛期间的总跑动距离为10.3公里（范围：9.7 - 11.3公里），高强度跑（HIR）为1.31公里（0.71 - 1.70公里）。HIR平均进行125次（72 - 159次），每次持续2.3秒（2.0 - 2.4秒）。比赛中的平均心率和峰值心率分别为每分钟167次（bpm）（152 - 186）和186次（171 - 205），分别对应心率最大值（HR(max)）的87%（81 - 93%）和97%（96 - 100%）。最大摄氧量（VO2max）为49.4毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克⁻¹（43.4 - 56.8），递增式跑步机测试（ITT）成绩为4.49分钟（3.38 - 5.17分钟）。Yo-Yo测试成绩为1379米（600 - 1960米）。比赛期间的总跑动距离与VO2max或ITT成绩无关，但与Yo-Yo测试结果相关（r = 0.56，P < 0.05）。HIR与VO2max（r = 0.81，P < 0.05）、ITT（r = 0.82，P < 0.05）和Yo-Yo测试成绩（r = 0.76，P < 0.05）之间存在显著正相关。比赛期间的HR(max)与任何一项表现指标之间均未发现相关性。
本研究表明，1）精英女子足球运动员在比赛中的HIR差异显著；②所有运动员在整个比赛中都有较高的心率，且有接近最大值的时段；③比赛中HIR的跑动距离与身体能力密切相关；④Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试可作为精英女子运动员比赛身体表现的指标。
