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女子足球体能表现质量的基准研究:跨表现尺度的系统评价与荟萃分析

Benchmarking the Physical Performance Qualities in Women's Football: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Across the Performance Scale.

作者信息

Compton Heidi R, Lovell Ric, Scott Dawn, Clubb Jo, Shushan Tzlil

机构信息

School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia.

出版信息

Sports Med. 2025 Sep 1. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02251-0.


DOI:10.1007/s40279-025-02251-0
PMID:40887564
Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data and its systematic organisation relating to the physical performance qualities of women's football players across the performance scale (i.e. level of competition categorised into unique tiers). OBJECTIVES: (1) To establish meta-analytic estimates for select assessment protocols across seven physical qualities (cardiorespiratory fitness, sprint time, acceleration time, change of direction, lower limb power, lower limb strength, and maximal velocity), and (2) to investigate the moderating effect of participant tier; collectively providing normative benchmarking data. METHODS: A systematic literature search of four databases (Pubmed, SportDiscuss, Scopus, and Web of Science) for studies published between 2003 and 2023 was conducted, with a secondary search for studies published until August 2024. Studies were considered for inclusion if they were published in English, the population was female football players with a minimum mean age of 16 years and the studies reported descriptive data from selected testing protocols. All study designs were eligible, excluding acute interventions such as training or supplementation. Performance scale (i.e. participant tier) of the study participants was categorised into four distinct levels (Tier 2 to Tier 5) using a modified version of the Participant Classification Framework, with Tier 5 representing world-class athletes. Study risk of bias assessment was conducted using an adapted version of the Downs and Black tool. Means and standard deviations were analysed using mixed-effects, multilevel hierarchical models to obtain pooled estimates, 90% confidence intervals (CIs) and prediction intervals (PIs). Meta-regression of modifying effects for participant tier was conducted, and comparisons were expressed as standardised mean differences. RESULTS: The final dataset included 1855 estimates from 982 groups across 288 studies. The moderating effect of participant tier was assessed where adequate data permitted. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRL1) demonstrated moderate-to-large improvements when progressing from Tier 2 to Tiers 4 and 5 (combined; [b = 170 to 354 m]); similar improvements were observed for velocity attained during the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test when directly comparing Tier 2 to Tiers 4 and 5 (b = 2.5 km·h). Sprint time decreased when progressing between tiers, with a moderate-to-large reduction for both 20 m (b =  - 0.17 to - 0.22 s) and 30 m (b =  - 0.32 to - 0.47 s) time when comparing Tier 2 with Tier 3 and Tiers 4 and 5, respectively. Moderate-to-large improvements in jump height were observed for squat jump (SJ; restricted arm movement) between participant tiers (b = 3.6 to 6.2 cm) and similarly for countermovement jump (CMJ) when comparing Tier 3 with Tiers 4 and 5 for restricted (b = 3.3 cm) and unrestricted arm movement (b = 8.8 cm). CONCLUSIONS: Normative benchmarks that are useful for athlete profiling and development, talent identification, and training program design have been established from a very large sample of studies and athletes. These findings highlight the role of sprinting ability, lower limb power and intermittent aerobic capacity in differentiating athletes across the performance scale. Field-based tests, particularly those assessing intermittent fitness, demonstrated the greatest difference in performance between each of the participant tiers, suggesting that these pragmatic tests are effective at capturing the physical performance of women's football players. A limitation of this study is the variability introduced by the heterogeneity across studies in testing protocols, sample sizes and competition levels, which may have influenced the results. REGISTRATION: Prospective protocol registration can be found in Open Science Framework and is available through: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8W3JH .

摘要

背景:缺乏关于不同竞技水平(即分为不同层级的比赛水平)女子足球运动员身体素质的相关数据及其系统整理。 目的:(1)对七种身体素质(心肺适能、短跑时间、加速时间、变向能力、下肢力量、下肢爆发力和最大速度)的选定评估方案进行荟萃分析估计,(2)研究参与者层级的调节作用;共同提供规范性基准数据。 方法:对四个数据库(PubMed、SportDiscuss、Scopus和Web of Science)进行系统文献检索,查找2003年至2023年发表的研究,并对截至2024年8月发表的研究进行二次检索。如果研究以英文发表,研究对象为平均年龄至少16岁的女子足球运动员,且研究报告了选定测试方案的描述性数据,则考虑纳入。所有研究设计均符合条件,但不包括训练或补充等急性干预措施。使用参与者分类框架的修改版将研究参与者的竞技水平(即参与者层级)分为四个不同级别(2级至5级),5级代表世界级运动员。使用改编版的唐斯和布莱克工具进行研究偏倚风险评估。使用混合效应、多级分层模型分析均值和标准差,以获得合并估计值、90%置信区间(CI)和预测区间(PI)。对参与者层级的调节效应进行荟萃回归分析,比较结果以标准化均值差异表示。 结果:最终数据集包括来自288项研究中982组的1855个估计值。在有足够数据的情况下评估了参与者层级的调节作用。从2级升至4级和5级(合并)时,Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试1级(YYIRL1)显示出中度到大幅的提高([b = 170至354米]);在将2级直接与4级和5级进行比较时,30-15间歇体能测试期间达到的速度也有类似提高(b = 2.5千米/小时)。在不同层级之间转换时,短跑时间减少,将2级分别与3级以及4级和5级比较时,20米(b = -0.17至-0.22秒)和30米(b = -0.32至-0.47秒)的时间有中度到大幅减少。在参与者层级之间,深蹲跳(SJ;手臂受限运动)的跳跃高度有中度到大幅提高(b = 3.6至6.2厘米),类似地,将3级与4级和5级比较时,受限(b = 3.3厘米)和不受限手臂运动(b = 8.8厘米)的反向移动跳(CMJ)也有提高。 结论:基于大量研究和运动员样本,建立了对运动员剖析与发展、人才识别和训练计划设计有用的规范性基准。这些发现突出了短跑能力、下肢力量和间歇性有氧能力在区分不同竞技水平运动员方面的作用。基于场地的测试,特别是那些评估间歇性体能的测试,在各参与者层级之间表现出最大的性能差异,表明这些实用测试能有效反映女子足球运动员的身体素质。本研究的一个局限性是研究在测试方案、样本量和比赛水平方面的异质性所带来的变异性,这可能影响了结果。 注册:前瞻性方案注册可在开放科学框架中找到,网址为:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8W3JH 。

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本文引用的文献

[1]
The Evolution of Match Running Performance in the Top Two Spanish Soccer Leagues: A Comparative Four-Season Study.

J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025-1-10

[2]
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Environ Evid. 2023-4-24

[3]
The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map.

Sports Med. 2024-11

[4]
The association between unilateral and bilateral performance-related measures in elite female soccer players: a multifaceted investigation.

Front Physiol. 2024-6-17

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Biol Sport. 2024-1

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Ann Agric Environ Med. 2023-12-22

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Meta-analysis of variation in sport and exercise science: Examples of application within resistance training research.

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Sports Med. 2023-12

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