Jarvis W R, Martone W J
Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1992 Apr;29 Suppl A:19-24. doi: 10.1093/jac/29.suppl_a.19.
To determine the distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial infections in United States hospitals, we analysed data from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. From October 1986 to December 1990, amongst hospitals conducting hospital-wide surveillance, the five most commonly reported pathogens were Escherichia coli (13.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.2%), enterococci (10.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.1%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (9.7%). The commonest pathogens reported by site included, bloodstream: coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. aureus, enterococci, E. coli, and Candida spp.; lower respiratory tract infection: S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.; surgical wound infection: S. aureus, enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci; and urinary tract infection: E. coli, enterococci, and P. aeruginosa. Among hospitals conducting intensive care unit (ICU) surveillance, the commonest pathogens were P. aeruginosa (12.4%), S. aureus (12.3%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (10.2%), Candida spp. (10.1%), Enterobacter spp. and enterococci (8.6% each). In the ICUs, the commonest pathogens found in the bloodstream were coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. aureus, and enterococci; in lower respiratory tract infections P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and enterococci; in surgical wound infections enterococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Enterobacter spp. and in urinary tract infections Candida spp., E. coli, enterococci, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. These data show that S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa remain important nosocomial pathogens, that coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci and C. albicans are pathogens of increasing importance, and that the distribution of pathogens differs by site and hospital location.
为确定美国医院中引起医院感染的病原体分布情况，我们分析了来自国家医院感染监测（NNIS）系统的数据。1986年10月至1990年12月期间，在进行全院监测的医院中，最常报告的五种病原体为大肠杆菌（13.7%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（11.2%）、肠球菌（10.7%）、铜绿假单胞菌（10.1%）和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（9.7%）。按感染部位报告的最常见病原体包括：血流感染：凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌、大肠杆菌和念珠菌属；下呼吸道感染：金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属；手术伤口感染：金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌；以及尿路感染：大肠杆菌、肠球菌和铜绿假单胞菌。在进行重症监护病房（ICU）监测的医院中，最常见的病原体为铜绿假单胞菌（12.4%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（12.3%）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（10.2%）、念珠菌属（10.1%）、肠杆菌属和肠球菌（各8.6%）。在ICU中，血流感染中最常见的病原体为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌；下呼吸道感染中为铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌；手术伤口感染中为肠球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和肠杆菌属；尿路感染中为念珠菌属、大肠杆菌、肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属。这些数据表明，金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌仍然是重要的医院病原体，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肠球菌和白色念珠菌作为病原体的重要性日益增加，并且病原体的分布因感染部位和医院位置而异。
