Vajdy Michael, Singh Manmohan
Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2005 Jul;5(7):953-65. doi: 10.1517/14712598.5.7.953.
It is well-established that most pathogens that cause infectious diseases enter the host via mucosal membranes of the respiratory, digestive and genital tracts. Some parenterally administered vaccines induce protection against mucosal pathogens. However, there is increasing evidence that mucosal protection is better afforded by mucosal vaccination, particularly for the induction of memory responses. Mucosal vaccines must pass several difficult hurdles before entering the host and inducing an effective and protective immune response. This review deals with present and past efforts in devising effective mucosal vaccines using delivery systems and immunopotentiating adjuvants for protein-based vaccines. The paper will conclude with the authors' opinion on how the field will or should progress in the future and what will be the required components of ideal future mucosal vaccines that can induce immunological memory.
众所周知，大多数引起传染病的病原体是通过呼吸道、消化道和生殖道的粘膜进入宿主的。一些通过非肠道途径给药的疫苗可诱导针对粘膜病原体的保护作用。然而，越来越多的证据表明，粘膜疫苗接种能更好地提供粘膜保护，特别是对于诱导记忆反应而言。粘膜疫苗在进入宿主并诱导有效和保护性免疫反应之前必须克服几个困难障碍。本综述探讨了过去和目前在设计有效的粘膜疫苗方面所做的努力，这些努力涉及使用递送系统和免疫增强佐剂来研发基于蛋白质的疫苗。本文将以作者对该领域未来将如何或应该取得进展的看法作为结尾，并阐述理想的未来粘膜疫苗为诱导免疫记忆所需的组成部分。
