Fernandes Regina Célia de Souza Campos, Araújo Luciana Cordeiro de, Medina-Acosta Enrique
Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS de Campos dos Goytacazes, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2005 Jul-Aug;21(4):1153-9. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2005000400017. Epub 2005 Jul 11.
Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission is an emerging public health challenge. In Brazil, preventive prophylaxis with AZT during pregnancy, at delivery, and for newborns was introduced in 1996, with a marked reduction in transmission (less than 5.0% nationwide). Since 1999 the Municipal STD/AIDS Program in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State (population = 416,441) has acted in the prevention of vertical transmission. In 2001/2003, there was a moderately increased implementation (from 28.0% to 36.0%) of HIV screening services during pregnancy, and more pregnant women were knowledgeable about vertical HIV transmission. Remaining challenges are to expand HIV screening to pregnant women at large and to effectively introduce rapid diagnostic tests for HIV in the delivery room. Such actions are expected to change the current situation, in which only 6.8% of infected children under observation had access to prophylaxis for vertical HIV transmission.
预防母婴传播艾滋病毒是一项新出现的公共卫生挑战。在巴西，1996年开始在孕期、分娩时以及新生儿期使用齐多夫定进行预防性治疗，传播率显著降低（全国范围内低于5.0%）。自1999年以来，里约热内卢州戈亚卡泽斯河畔坎波斯市的市性传播感染/艾滋病项目（人口 = 416,441）一直致力于预防垂直传播。在2001年至2003年期间，孕期艾滋病毒筛查服务的实施程度适度提高（从28.0%提高到36.0%），并且更多孕妇了解艾滋病毒垂直传播。仍然存在的挑战是将艾滋病毒筛查扩大到广大孕妇群体，并在产房有效引入艾滋病毒快速诊断检测。预计这些行动将改变当前的状况，即接受观察的受感染儿童中只有6.8%能够获得艾滋病毒垂直传播的预防治疗。
