Akbar Waseem, Lord Jeffrey C, Nechols James R, Loughin Thomas M
Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Jun;98(3):683-8. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.3.683.
The carriers mineral oil and Silwet L-77 and the botanical insecticides Neemix 4.5 and Hexacide were evaluated for their impacts on the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin conidia against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), larvae. The dosages of liquid treatments were quantified by both conidia concentration in the spray volume and conidia deposition on the target surface. The latter approach allowed comparison with dry, unformulated conidia. The median lethal concentrations of B. bassiana in 0.05% Silwet L-77 solution or without a carrier were approximately double that for conidia in mineral oil. Carriers had highly significant effects on the efficacy of B. bassiana. The lower efficacy of conidia in aqueous Silwet L-77 may have been the result of conidia loss from the larval surface because of the siloxane's spreading properties. Neemix 4.5 (4.5% azadirachtin) delayed pupation and did not reduce the germination rate of B. bassiana conidia, but it significantly reduced T. castaneum mortality at two of four tested fungus doses. Hexacide (5% rosemary oil) caused significant mortality when applied without B. bassiana, but it did not affect pupation, the germination rate of conidia, or T. castaneum mortality when used in combination with the fungus.
对载体矿物油和Silwet L - 77以及植物源杀虫剂Neemix 4.5和Hexacide对球孢白僵菌（Balsamo）Vuillemin分生孢子对赤拟谷盗（Herbst）幼虫的防治效果的影响进行了评估。液体处理的剂量通过喷雾液中分生孢子浓度和目标表面上的分生孢子沉积量来定量。后一种方法允许与干燥的、未配制的分生孢子进行比较。在0.05% Silwet L - 77溶液中或无载体情况下球孢白僵菌的半数致死浓度约为矿物油中分生孢子的两倍。载体对球孢白僵菌的防治效果有极显著影响。在含水Silwet L - 77中分生孢子较低的防治效果可能是由于硅氧烷的铺展特性导致分生孢子从幼虫表面流失的结果。Neemix 4.5（4.5%印楝素）延迟了化蛹，且未降低球孢白僵菌分生孢子的萌发率，但在四个测试真菌剂量中的两个剂量下，它显著降低了赤拟谷盗的死亡率。Hexacide（5%迷迭香油）在不与球孢白僵菌一起使用时会导致显著的死亡率，但与真菌联合使用时，它不影响化蛹、分生孢子的萌发率或赤拟谷盗的死亡率。
