Davis Ronald L
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2005;28:275-302. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135651.
The olfactory nervous system of insects and mammals exhibits many similarities, which suggests that the mechanisms for olfactory learning may be shared. Molecular genetic investigations of Drosophila learning have uncovered numerous genes whose gene products are essential for olfactory memory formation. Recent studies of the products of these genes have continued to expand the range of molecular processes known to underlie memory formation. Recent research has also broadened the neuroanatomical areas thought to mediate olfactory learning to include the antennal lobes in addition to a previously accepted and central role for the mushroom bodies. The roles for neurons extrinsic to the mushroom body neurons are becoming better defined. Finally, the genes identified to participate in Drosophila olfactory learning have conserved roles in mammalian organisms, highlighting the value of Drosophila for gene discovery.
昆虫和哺乳动物的嗅觉神经系统表现出许多相似之处，这表明嗅觉学习机制可能是共有的。对果蝇学习的分子遗传学研究发现了许多基因，其基因产物对嗅觉记忆形成至关重要。最近对这些基因产物的研究继续扩大了已知构成记忆形成基础的分子过程的范围。最近的研究还拓宽了被认为介导嗅觉学习的神经解剖区域，除了之前公认的蘑菇体的核心作用外，还包括触角叶。蘑菇体神经元外部的神经元的作用正变得更加明确。最后，已确定参与果蝇嗅觉学习的基因在哺乳动物中具有保守作用，这突出了果蝇在基因发现方面的价值。
