Charlesworth Max
Deakin University, Australia.
J Bioeth Inq. 2005;2(1):10-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02448810.
We tend to think that the difficulties in bioethics spring from the novel and alarming issues that arise due to discoveries in the new biosciences and biotechnologies. But many of the crucial difficulties in bioethics arise from the assumption we make about ethics. This paper offers a brief overview of bioethics, and relates ethical 'principlism' to 'ethical fundamentalism.' It then reviews some alternative approaches that have emerged during the second phase of bioethics and argues for a neo-Aristotelian approach. Misconceptions about ethical principles and ethical reasoning not only distort our views of the business of bioethics, but they also prevent us from facing up to the formidable problems posed by ethical pluralism in so-called liberal societies.
我们往往认为，生物伦理学中的难题源于新生物科学和生物技术领域的发现所引发的新奇且令人担忧的问题。但生物伦理学中的许多关键难题源于我们对伦理学的假设。本文简要概述了生物伦理学，并将伦理“原则主义”与“伦理原教旨主义”联系起来。接着回顾了生物伦理学第二阶段出现的一些替代方法，并主张采用新亚里士多德主义方法。对伦理原则和伦理推理的误解不仅扭曲了我们对生物伦理学事务的看法，还阻碍我们直面所谓自由社会中伦理多元主义带来的严峻问题。
