Miller Ian, Shelly Michael, Jonmaire Paul, Lee Richard V, Harbison Raymond D
Ecology & Environment, Inc., Lancaster, New York, USA.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2005 Apr;15(2):107-15. doi: 10.1080/09603120500061625.
The contribution of consumer purchases of non-essential products to environmental pollution is characterized. Purchase decisions by consumers induce a complex sequence of economy-wide production interactions that influence the production and consumption of chemicals and subsequent exposure and possible public health risks. An economic input-output life-cycle analysis (EIO-LCA) was used to link resource consumption and production by manufacturers to corresponding environmental impacts. Using the US Department of Commerce's input-output tables together with the US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory and AIRData databases, the economy-wide air discharges resulting from purchases of household appliances, motor homes, and games and toys were quantified. The economic and environmental impacts generated from a hypothetical 10,000 US dollar purchase for selected consumer items were estimated. The analysis shows how purchases of seemingly benign consumer products increase the output of air pollutants along the supply chain and contribute to the potential risks associated with environmental chemical exposures to both consumers and non-consumers alike.
消费者购买非必需产品对环境污染的影响得到了描述。消费者的购买决策引发了一系列复杂的全经济范围的生产互动，这些互动影响着化学品的生产和消费，以及随后的接触和可能的公共健康风险。经济投入产出生命周期分析（EIO-LCA）被用于将制造商的资源消耗和生产与相应的环境影响联系起来。利用美国商务部的投入产出表以及美国环境保护局的有毒物质排放清单和空气质量数据数据库，对购买家用电器、房车以及游戏和玩具所导致的全经济范围的空气排放进行了量化。估计了购买选定消费品的1万美元假设支出所产生的经济和环境影响。分析表明，看似无害的消费品购买如何增加了供应链中的空气污染物排放，并导致了消费者和非消费者面临与环境化学品接触相关的潜在风险。
