Papanicolaou Alexie, Joron Mathieu, McMillan W Owen, Blaxter Mark L, Jiggins Chris D
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Edinburgh, UK.
Mol Ecol. 2005 Aug;14(9):2883-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02609.x.
The Lepidoptera have long been used as examples in the study of evolution, but some questions remain difficult to resolve due to a lack of molecular genetic data. However, as technology improves, genomic tools are becoming increasingly available to tackle unanswered evolutionary questions. Here we have used expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to develop genetic markers for two Müllerian mimic species, Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato. In total 1363 ESTs were generated, representing 330 gene objects in H. melpomene and 431 in H. erato. User-friendly bioinformatic tools were used to construct a nonredundant database of these putative genes (available at http://www.heliconius.org), and annotate them with blast similarity searches, InterPro matches and Gene Ontology terms. This database will be continually updated with EST sequences for the Papilionideae as they become publicly available, providing a tool for gene finding in the butterflies. Alignments of the Heliconius sequences with putative homologues derived from Bombyx mori or other public data sets were used to identify conserved PCR priming sites, and develop 55 markers that can be amplified from genomic DNA in both H. erato and H. melpomene. These markers will be used for comparative linkage mapping in Heliconius and will have applications in other phylogenetic and genomic studies in the Lepidoptera.
鳞翅目长期以来一直被用作进化研究的实例，但由于缺乏分子遗传数据，一些问题仍然难以解决。然而，随着技术的进步，基因组工具越来越多地可用于解决未解答的进化问题。在此，我们利用表达序列标签（ESTs）为两种缪勒拟态物种——红带袖蝶（Heliconius melpomene）和金斑蛱蝶（Heliconius erato）开发遗传标记。总共产生了1363个ESTs，代表红带袖蝶中的330个基因对象和金斑蛱蝶中的431个基因对象。使用用户友好的生物信息学工具构建了这些假定基因的非冗余数据库（可在http://www.heliconius.org获取），并通过blast相似性搜索、InterPro匹配和基因本体术语对它们进行注释。随着凤蝶科的EST序列公开可用，该数据库将不断更新，为蝴蝶的基因发现提供一个工具。将红带袖蝶序列与源自家蚕或其他公共数据集的假定同源物进行比对，以识别保守的PCR引物位点，并开发出55个可从金斑蛱蝶和红带袖蝶的基因组DNA中扩增的标记。这些标记将用于红带袖蝶的比较连锁图谱绘制，并将应用于鳞翅目的其他系统发育和基因组研究。
