Radermacher L, D'Orio V
Département de Médecine interne, Service des Urgences, CHU de Liège.
Rev Med Liege. 2005 May-Jun;60(5-6):466-71.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state are relatively frequent metabolic emergencies. Such entities complicate type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively. Diagnosis is ultimately provided by blood and urine analysis. The pathophysiology is mainly based on insulin privation regarding ketoacidosis and resistance to insulin in hyperglycaemic crisis, with an additional deleterious role of counterregulatory hormones. Prognosis of such complications remains generally severe. Management is based on insulin infusion, fluid resuscitation as well as concomitant compensation for electrolytes losses.
糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高血糖高渗状态是相对常见的代谢急症。这些病症分别使1型和2型糖尿病复杂化。最终通过血液和尿液分析来进行诊断。病理生理学主要基于酮症酸中毒时的胰岛素缺乏以及高血糖危象时的胰岛素抵抗，同时反调节激素也起到额外的有害作用。此类并发症的预后通常仍然很严重。治疗基于胰岛素输注、液体复苏以及同时对电解质丢失进行补充。
