Teesson Maree, Baillie Andrew, Lynskey Michael, Manor Barry, Degenhardt Louisa
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Feb 1;81(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.06.007. Epub 2005 Jul 25.
To compare the prevalence of alcohol and drug use, dependence and treatment seeking in the United States of America and Australia.
Two cross-sectional national surveys assessing substance use and DSM-IV substance dependence in the USA and Australia.
Age-matched cohorts (18-54 years old) were selected from nationally representative Australian (National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being, 1997, n=7570) and American (National Comorbidity Survey, 1992, n=7423) household surveys.
Both studies utilised a structured interview based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).
The 12-months prevalence of alcohol use was substantially higher in Australia (77.2%) than in the U.S. (46.3%) and the rates of alcohol dependence were also higher in Australia, although rates of alcohol dependence conditional on use were similar (6.8 and 6.5%, respectively). In contrast, although rates of use of drugs were similar in the two countries, rates of drug dependence and the probability of dependence conditional on use were higher in Australia than in the U.S. Importantly, the absence of significant interactions between correlates of alcohol and drug use disorders and country indicated that the influence of these factors was consistent across the two countries.
Despite relatively similar cultural influences in Australia and the U.S. interesting cross-national differences emerged in the use of alcohol and drug dependence among those who used drugs and treatment seeking among people diagnosed with dependence. The cross-national generalizability of the associations between common correlates and rates of alcohol and drug use and dependence indicates that similar process of vulnerability to dependence may be operating in the two countries. Future research could usefully exploit these cross-national differences to help elucidate the cultural and structural factors influencing drug use, the development of dependence and treatment seeking.
比较美国和澳大利亚酒精及药物使用、依赖情况以及寻求治疗的流行率。
两项横断面全国性调查，评估美国和澳大利亚的物质使用情况及DSM-IV物质依赖情况。
从具有全国代表性的澳大利亚（1997年全国心理健康与幸福调查，n = 7570）和美国（1992年全国共病调查，n = 7423）家庭调查中选取年龄匹配的队列（18 - 54岁）。
两项研究均采用基于综合国际诊断访谈（CIDI）的结构化访谈。
澳大利亚12个月酒精使用率（77.2%）显著高于美国（46.3%），澳大利亚酒精依赖率也更高，尽管基于使用情况的酒精依赖率相似（分别为6.8%和6.5%）。相比之下，尽管两国药物使用率相似，但澳大利亚的药物依赖率以及基于使用情况的依赖概率高于美国。重要的是，酒精和药物使用障碍相关因素与国家之间不存在显著交互作用，表明这些因素在两国的影响是一致的。
尽管澳大利亚和美国文化影响相对相似，但在药物使用者的酒精使用和药物依赖情况以及被诊断为依赖者的寻求治疗情况方面出现了有趣的跨国差异。常见相关因素与酒精和药物使用及依赖率之间关联的跨国普遍性表明，两国可能存在相似的易患依赖的过程。未来的研究可以有效地利用这些跨国差异来帮助阐明影响药物使用、依赖发展和寻求治疗的文化和结构因素。
