Varcasia A, Garippa G, Scala A
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Sezione di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, University of Sassari, Italy.
Parassitologia. 2004 Dec;46(4):409-12.
The problem of diagnosing Echinococcus granulosus in dogs has still only been partially resolved, even after the advent of biotechnology. The eggs of taeniid Cestoda are extremely similar, and thus identification by microscopic examination of the faeces is risky and non-specific. For this reason, Echinococcus granulosus was traditionally diagnosed in dogs ante mortem after an arecoline hydrobromate purge. The faeces were examined macro and microscopically to establish if the adult tapeworm or its proglottids were present. Although this method is 100% specific, it is bio-hazardous and time-consuming, requires trained personnel, and its sensitivity varies. In the 1990s copro-antigens were discovered and characterised. These are released by the adult worm in the faeces. This made it possible to use enzyme-linked immune-adsorbent assay (ELISA) for in vitam diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus. In recent years several PCR protocols have been published on the identification of Echinococcus granulosus DNA from eggs or from adult parasites and new ways of diagnosing this cestode have been developed.
即使在生物技术出现之后，犬细粒棘球绦虫的诊断问题仍仅得到部分解决。带绦虫纲的虫卵极为相似，因此通过粪便显微镜检查进行鉴定存在风险且不具特异性。出于这个原因，传统上犬细粒棘球绦虫的生前诊断是在给予氢溴酸槟榔碱泻剂后进行的。对粪便进行宏观和微观检查，以确定是否存在成虫绦虫或其节片。虽然这种方法具有100%的特异性，但它具有生物危害性且耗时，需要训练有素的人员，并且其敏感性各不相同。在20世纪90年代，粪抗原被发现并得以鉴定。这些是成虫在粪便中释放出来的。这使得使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）对犬细粒棘球绦虫进行活体诊断成为可能。近年来，已经发表了多篇关于从虫卵或成虫寄生虫中鉴定犬细粒棘球绦虫DNA的PCR方案，并且已经开发出了诊断这种绦虫的新方法。
