Insulander Mona, Lebbad Marianne, Stenström Thor Axel, Svenungsson Bo
Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Infect Dis. 2005;37(5):354-60. doi: 10.1080/00365540410021072.
An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among visitors to a public swimming pool occurred in the late summer of 2002. We performed a retrospective cohort study, including 3 cohorts, A) 178 school-children who visited the pool on a single occasion, B) 263 arbitrarily chosen school children, aged 6-12 y, and their household members, living within the municipality where the outbreak occurred, and C) an additional 28 individuals with laboratory confirmed cryptosporidiosis. The outbreak lasted 4 weeks and affected an estimated 800-1000 individuals. The primary attack rate was 40-50%. The median incubation period was 5 d (range 2-13 d). The secondary attack rate was 8-10%. Diarrhoea was reported by 93% of the patients, abdominal pain 89%, nausea 73%, and fever 40%. Fifty-four percent had<5 loose stools and 20% had>10 loose stools per d. The duration of symptoms was 4-10 d for 52% and>10 d for 34% of the cases. This is the first reported outbreak of pool associated cryptosporidiosis in Sweden and emphasizes the importance of proper control routines of swimming pools with continuous assessment of the quality of the water sources and filtration processes.
2002年夏末,某公共游泳池的游客中爆发了隐孢子虫病。我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究,包括3个队列:A)178名单次前往该游泳池的学童;B)263名年龄在6至12岁之间、从爆发疫情所在市随机选取的学童及其家庭成员;C)另外28名实验室确诊为隐孢子虫病的个体。疫情持续了4周,估计有800 - 1000人受到影响。主要发病率为40 - 50%。中位潜伏期为5天(范围2 - 13天)。二代发病率为8 - 10%。93%的患者报告有腹泻,89%有腹痛,73%有恶心,40%有发热。54%的患者每天腹泻少于5次,20%的患者每天腹泻超过10次。52%的病例症状持续4 - 10天,34%的病例症状持续超过10天。这是瑞典首次报告的与游泳池相关的隐孢子虫病疫情,强调了对游泳池进行适当控制程序以及持续评估水源质量和过滤过程的重要性。