Pavlekovic G, Brborovic O
Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;59 Suppl 1:S40-5; discussion S46. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602173.
There are a number of factors influencing individual food habits and the prerequisite for effective national strategy development is reorganization of factors aggravating or facilitating this dynamic process.
The aims of this paper are to present a Croatian contextual framework influencing individual-based nutrition communication strategies and to identify important factors by general practitioners (GPs) and population.
Two Croatian surveys are presented. The first one was carried out among GPs (random 425 GPs, all with office on lease) and the second on an adult population in Croatia (random 9060 respondents) answering the question: 'In the past year, has anyone advised you to change your behaviour?'
The Croatian case studies showed that GPs considered smoking and alcohol as more important public health issues than unbalanced nutrition and physical activity. GPs also recognized their role in individual work with patients in secondary and tertiary prevention, less in primary prevention or work with groups and the community. Among the obstacles in individual-based communication in daily work, they reported lack of time, lack of incentives, lack of knowledge and lack of family approach in nutrition consultation. They were more likely to advise the elderly, those with lower education, unemployed, overweight, those who lived alone and those who visited GP's office regularly. Differences in respondents' answers are determined by education and workplace.
有许多因素影响个人饮食习惯，而制定有效的国家战略的前提是重新梳理那些加剧或促进这一动态过程的因素。
本文旨在呈现一个影响基于个体的营养沟通策略的克罗地亚背景框架，并确定全科医生（GPs）和普通民众认为的重要因素。
介绍了两项克罗地亚调查。第一项调查针对全科医生（随机抽取425名全科医生，均租赁办公场所），第二项调查针对克罗地亚成年人口（随机抽取9060名受访者），受访者需回答问题：“在过去一年里，有人建议你改变行为吗？”
克罗地亚的案例研究表明，全科医生认为吸烟和饮酒比营养不均衡及缺乏体育锻炼是更重要的公共卫生问题。全科医生也认识到他们在二级和三级预防中针对患者的个体工作中所起的作用，而在一级预防或针对群体及社区的工作中作用较小。在日常工作中基于个体的沟通障碍方面，他们表示缺乏时间、缺乏激励措施、缺乏知识以及在营养咨询中缺乏家庭干预方法。他们更有可能向老年人、受教育程度较低者、失业者、超重者、独居者以及经常前往全科医生诊所的人提供建议。受访者答案的差异由教育程度和工作场所决定。
