Donoso Mantke O, Schmitz H, Zeller Herve, Heyman P, Papa A, Niedrig M
Centre for Biological Safety (ZBS-1), Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany.
Euro Surveill. 2005 Jun;10(6):102-6.
The threat posed by emerging and re-emerging communicable diseases and, more recently, by the intentional release of infectious agents in a susceptible population, has been receiving considerable attention at the national and international levels. Public health efforts to strengthen disease detection, surveillance and control have been intensified. However, clinicians and clinical microbiology laboratories play an important role in the early detection of disease, the identification of the putative agent, and notification of the appropriate authorities. To be effective in this role, laboratories must be specially prepared to handle viral agents safely, and need, among other things, the appropriate rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests. In 1998 the European Network for Diagnostics of 'Imported' Viral Diseases (ENIVD) was established. ENIVD presently comprises, as permanent members, 44 expert laboratories in 21 European Union (EU) member states and 4 non-EU countries and is one of the networks on infectious diseases funded by the European Commission. ENIVD fulfils many of the important tasks required for the surveillance and control of imported, rare and emerging viral infections such as the exchange of expertise and the organisation of external quality assurance (EQA) programmes, both of which are needed to improve diagnostics. Here, we summarise the data generated by recent EQA activities focussed on the diagnostics of infections with hantavirus, dengue virus, filovirus, Lassa virus, orthopox virus and the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). These were carried out between 1999 and 2004 and involved 93 laboratories from 41 countries, including laboratories from additional countries outside of Europe. Particularly the EU-candidate countries and Eastern neighbouring countries will be invited to join the network in the near future. A public website is available at http://www.enivd.de.
新出现和再次出现的传染病，以及最近在易感人群中故意释放传染源所构成的威胁，在国家和国际层面都受到了相当大的关注。加强疾病检测、监测和控制的公共卫生工作得到了强化。然而，临床医生和临床微生物实验室在疾病的早期检测、推定病原体的鉴定以及向相关当局通报方面发挥着重要作用。为有效发挥这一作用，实验室必须做好特殊准备以安全处理病毒病原体，除其他外，还需要适当的快速且灵敏的诊断检测方法。1998年，欧洲“输入性”病毒病诊断网络（ENIVD）成立。ENIVD目前有来自21个欧盟成员国和4个非欧盟国家的44个专家实验室作为永久成员，是由欧盟委员会资助的传染病网络之一。ENIVD履行了监测和控制输入性、罕见及新出现病毒感染所需的许多重要任务，如专业知识交流和组织外部质量保证（EQA）计划，这两者对于改进诊断都是必要的。在此，我们总结了近期聚焦于汉坦病毒、登革病毒、丝状病毒、拉沙病毒、正痘病毒和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）感染诊断的EQA活动所产生的数据。这些活动在1999年至2004年期间开展，涉及来自41个国家的93个实验室，包括欧洲以外其他国家的实验室。特别是欧盟候选国和东部邻国将在不久的将来被邀请加入该网络。可通过http://www.enivd.de访问一个公共网站。
