Alóe Flávio, Azevedo Alexandre Pinto de, Hasan Rosa
Centro Interdepartamental para Estudos do Sono, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo.
Braz J Psychiatry. 2005 May;27 Suppl 1:33-9. doi: 10.1590/s1516-44462005000500007. Epub 2005 Jul 28.
Neurochemically distinct systems interact regulating sleep and wakefulness. Wakefulness is promoted by aminergic, acetylcholinergic brainstem and hypothalamic systems. Each of these arousal systems supports wakefulness and coordinated activity is required for alertness and EEG activation. Neurons in the pons and preoptic area control rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep. Mutual inhibition between these wake- and sleep-regulating systems generate behavioral states. An up-to-date understanding of these systems should allow clinicians and researchers to better understand the effects of drugs, lesions, and neurologic disease on sleep and wakefulness.
神经化学上不同的系统相互作用以调节睡眠和觉醒。觉醒由胺能、乙酰胆碱能脑干和下丘脑系统促进。这些觉醒系统中的每一个都支持觉醒，而警觉性和脑电图激活需要协调活动。脑桥和视前区的神经元控制快速眼动和非快速眼动睡眠。这些调节觉醒和睡眠的系统之间的相互抑制产生行为状态。对这些系统的最新理解应使临床医生和研究人员能够更好地理解药物、损伤和神经系统疾病对睡眠和觉醒的影响。
