Van Wijk Eduard P A, Ackerman John, Van Wijk Roeland
International Institute of Biophysics, Neuss, Germany.
Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005 Apr;12(2):107-12. doi: 10.1159/000084028.
Various physiologic and biochemical shifts can follow meditation. Meditation has been implicated in impacting free radical activity. Ultraweak photon emission (UPE, biophoton emission) is a constituent of the metabolic processes in a living system. Spectral analysis showed the characteristics of radical reactions.
Recording and analysing photon emission in 5 subjects before, during and after meditation.
UPE in 5 subjects who meditated in sitting or supine positions was recorded in a darkroom utilising a photomultiplier designed for manipulation in three directions.
Data indicated that UPE changes after meditation. In 1 subject with high pre-meditation values, UPE decreased during meditation and remained low in the postmeditation phase. In the other subjects, only a slight decrease in photon emission was found, but commonly a decrease was observed in the kurtosis and skewness values of the photon count distribution. A second set of data on photon emission from the hands before and after meditation was collected from 2 subjects. These data were characterised by the Fano factor, F(T), i.e. variance over mean of the number of photoelectrons observed within observation time T. All data were compared to surrogate data sets which were constructed by random shuffling of the data sets. In the pre-meditation period, F(T) increased with observation time, significantly at time windows >6 s. No such effect was found after meditation, when F(T) was in the range of the surrogate data set.
The data support the hypothesis that human photon emission can be influenced by meditation. Data from time series recordings suggest that this non-invasive tool for monitoring radical reactions during meditation is useful to characterise the effect of meditation. Fano factor analysis demonstrated that the time series before meditation do not represent a simple Poisson process. Instead, UPE has characteristics of a fractal process, showing long-range correlations. The effect of meditation waives out this coherence phenomenon, suggesting a weaker and less ordered structure of UPE. In general, meditation seems to influence the complex interactions of oxidative and anti-oxidative reactions which regulate photon emission. The reason for the statistical changes between pre- and post-meditation measurements remains unclear and demands further examination.
冥想后会出现各种生理和生化变化。冥想被认为会影响自由基活性。超微弱光子发射（UPE，生物光子发射）是生命系统代谢过程的一个组成部分。光谱分析显示了自由基反应的特征。
记录并分析5名受试者在冥想前、冥想期间和冥想后的光子发射情况。
使用一个可在三个方向操作的光电倍增管，在暗室中记录5名以坐姿或仰卧姿势冥想的受试者的UPE。
数据表明冥想后UPE会发生变化。在1名冥想前数值较高的受试者中，UPE在冥想期间下降，并在冥想后阶段保持较低水平。在其他受试者中，仅发现光子发射略有下降，但光子计数分布的峰度和偏度值通常会下降。从2名受试者收集了另一组关于冥想前后手部光子发射的数据。这些数据以Fano因子F(T)为特征，即观察时间T内观察到的光电子数量的方差与均值之比。所有数据均与通过对数据集进行随机洗牌构建的替代数据集进行比较。在冥想前阶段，F(T)随观察时间增加，在观察时间>6秒的时间窗口内显著增加。冥想后未发现此类效应，此时F(T)处于替代数据集的范围内。
数据支持人类光子发射可受冥想影响这一假设。时间序列记录的数据表明，这种用于监测冥想期间自由基反应的非侵入性工具有助于表征冥想的效果。Fano因子分析表明，冥想前的时间序列并不代表简单的泊松过程。相反，UPE具有分形过程的特征，表现出长程相关性。冥想的效果消除了这种相干现象，表明UPE的结构更弱且更无序。一般来说，冥想似乎会影响调节光子发射的氧化和抗氧化反应的复杂相互作用。冥想前后测量之间统计变化的原因尚不清楚，需要进一步研究。
