Kypri Kypros, Stephenson Shaun
School of Medical Practice and Population Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2005 Sep;6(3):219-24. doi: 10.1080/15389580590969120.
The leading cause of death for young people in developed countries is road traffic crashes, a large proportion of which are attributable to drink-driving. The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of drink-driving and drink-riding in a sample of New Zealand university students, and to identify potential risk factors, in particular, students' perceptions of legally permissible consumption before driving.
Participants were 1,564 survey respondents (82% response, mean age = 20.5 years) who were asked to indicate whether they had driven after having "perhaps too much to drink to be able to drive safely," if they had been a passenger in a vehicle "where the driver had perhaps too much to drink to be able to drive safely," and how many standard drinks they could consume in one hour and legally drive a car. An estimated blood alcohol concentration was computed and compared with legal limits.
Drink-driving (past four weeks) was reported by 3.4% of women and 8.4% of men. Drink-riding (past four weeks) was reported by 7.0% of women and 11.5% of men. Estimated blood alcohol concentrations from students' reports of how much they could drink in one hour and be below the legal limit of 0.08 g/ml, showed that most respondents dramatically underestimated permissible consumption; only 5.8% overestimated it.
This may be a case where misperception of a public health message serves the public good. Further reductions in drink-driving/riding will require attention to transport needs, more visible enforcement of existing legislation, and modification of youth drinking behavior.
在发达国家，道路交通事故是年轻人的主要死因，其中很大一部分可归因于酒后驾车。本研究的目的是估计新西兰大学生样本中酒后驾车和酒后骑行的发生率，并确定潜在风险因素，特别是学生对驾车前法定允许饮酒量的认知。
1564名受访者参与了调查（回复率82%，平均年龄 = 20.5岁），他们被要求表明自己是否在“可能饮酒过量而无法安全驾驶”后驾车，是否曾乘坐过“司机可能饮酒过量而无法安全驾驶”的车辆，以及他们在一小时内合法驾驶汽车时可以饮用多少标准饮品。计算估计的血液酒精浓度并与法定限值进行比较。
报告称有酒后驾车行为（过去四周内）的女性占3.4%，男性占8.4%。报告称有酒后骑行行为（过去四周内）的女性占7.0%，男性占11.5%。根据学生报告的一小时内饮酒量计算出的估计血液酒精浓度显示，大多数受访者大大低估了法定允许饮酒量；只有5.8%的人高估了。
这可能是公众对公共卫生信息的误解产生了有益结果的一个例子。要进一步减少酒后驾车/骑行现象，需要关注交通需求，更明显地加强现有法律的执行力度，并改变年轻人的饮酒行为。
