Thanassi David G, Stathopoulos Christos, Karkal Aarthi, Li Huilin
Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5120, USA.
Mol Membr Biol. 2005 Jan-Apr;22(1-2):63-72. doi: 10.1080/09687860500063290.
Bacteria secrete a wide variety of proteins, many of which play important roles in virulence. In gram-negative bacteria, these proteins must cross the cytoplasmic or inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane to reach the cell surface. Gram-negative bacteria have evolved multiple pathways to allow protein secretion across their complex envelope. ATP is not available in the periplasm and many of these secretion pathways encode components that harness energy available at the inner membrane to drive secretion across the outer membrane. In contrast, the autotransporter, two-partner secretion and chaperone/usher pathways are comparatively simple systems that allow secretion across the outer membrane without the need for input of energy from the inner membrane. This review will present overviews of these 'self-sufficient' pathways, focusing on recent advances and secretion mechanisms. Similarities among the pathways and with other protein translocation mechanisms will be highlighted.
细菌分泌各种各样的蛋白质，其中许多在致病性中发挥重要作用。在革兰氏阴性菌中，这些蛋白质必须穿过细胞质膜或内膜、周质和外膜才能到达细胞表面。革兰氏阴性菌已经进化出多种途径，以使蛋白质能够穿过其复杂的包膜进行分泌。周质中无法获得ATP，并且许多这些分泌途径编码的组分利用内膜上可用的能量来驱动蛋白质穿过外膜进行分泌。相比之下，自转运体、双组分分泌和分子伴侣/外膜蛋白途径是相对简单的系统，它们允许蛋白质穿过外膜而无需内膜提供能量。本综述将概述这些“自给自足”的途径，重点关注最新进展和分泌机制。还将强调这些途径之间以及与其他蛋白质转运机制的相似性。
