Garfinkel D J
National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2005;110(1-4):63-9. doi: 10.1159/000084939.
How mobile genetic elements molded eukaryotic genomes is a key evolutionary question that gained wider popularity when mobile DNA sequences were shown to comprise about half of the human genome. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not suffer such "genome obesity", five families of LTR-retrotransposons, Ty1, Ty2, Ty3, Ty4, and Ty5 elements, comprise about 3% of its genome. The availability of complete genome sequences from several Saccharomyces species, including members of the closely related sensu stricto group, present new opportunities for analyzing molecular mechanisms for chromosome evolution, speciation, and reproductive isolation. In this review I present key experiments from both the pre- and current genomic sequencing eras suggesting how Ty elements mediate genome evolution.
移动遗传元件如何塑造真核生物基因组是一个关键的进化问题，当移动DNA序列被证明约占人类基因组的一半时，这个问题受到了更广泛的关注。尽管酿酒酵母没有这种“基因组肥胖”问题，但五个长末端重复序列逆转座子家族，即Ty1、Ty2、Ty3、Ty4和Ty5元件，约占其基因组的3%。包括密切相关的狭义组成员在内的几种酿酒酵母物种的完整基因组序列的可得性，为分析染色体进化、物种形成和生殖隔离的分子机制提供了新的机会。在这篇综述中，我展示了基因组测序前和当前时代的关键实验，这些实验揭示了Ty元件如何介导基因组进化。
