Kavia Rajesh, Mumtaz Faiz
Department of Urology, Chase Farm Hospital, The Ridgeway, Enfield EN2 8JL, England.
J R Soc Promot Health. 2005 Jul;125(4):176-9. doi: 10.1177/146642400512500411.
Overactive bladder (OAB) is defined as urgency, with or without urge incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia, in the absence of local pathological or hormonal factors. It is a common complaint of men and women alike, with estimates of 22 million sufferers. ApproximateLy 70% of men with bladder outflow obstruction will have some symptoms of OAB. The exact pathophysiology of OAB in bladder outflow obstruction is yet to be elucidated; evidence to date points to changes in both the efferent and afferent innervation and the detrusor. Management of OAB can be is generally with pharmacological agents such as anticholinergics or operative measures such as the 'Clam' cystoplasty. More recent treatment modalities include intravesicaL oxybutynin, intradetrusor botulinum toxin and neuromodulation. More specific treatment options for OAB in bladder outflow obstruction include relief of the obstruction with surgical (e.g. transurethraL resection of prostate) or pharmaceutical (e.g. a blockers) methods.
膀胱过度活动症（OAB）的定义为尿急，伴有或不伴有急迫性尿失禁，通常伴有尿频和夜尿症，且不存在局部病理或激素因素。这是男性和女性都常见的一种病症，据估计患者达2200万。约70%膀胱出口梗阻的男性会出现一些OAB症状。膀胱出口梗阻中OAB的确切病理生理学尚未阐明；迄今为止的证据表明传出和传入神经支配以及逼尿肌均有变化。OAB的治疗通常采用抗胆碱能药物等药理学药物或“蛤蚌式”膀胱扩大术等手术措施。最近的治疗方式包括膀胱内注射奥昔布宁、膀胱逼尿肌内注射肉毒杆菌毒素和神经调节。针对膀胱出口梗阻中OAB的更具体治疗选择包括通过手术（如经尿道前列腺切除术）或药物（如α受体阻滞剂）方法解除梗阻。
