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塑造啮齿动物情绪的早期生活中的遗传、表观遗传和环境因素。

Early life genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors shaping emotionality in rodents.

作者信息

Holmes Andrew, le Guisquet Anne Marie, Vogel Elise, Millstein Rachel A, Leman Samuel, Belzung Catherine

机构信息

Section on Behavioral Science and Genetics, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1256, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.

出版信息

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(8):1335-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.012. Epub 2005 Aug 10.

Abstract

Childhood trauma is known to increase risk for emotional disorders and addiction. However, little is currently understood about the neurodevelopmental basis of these effects, or how genetic and epigenetic factors interact with the environment to shape the systems subserving emotionality. In this review, we discuss the use of rodent models of early life emotional experience to study these issues in the laboratory and present some of our pertinent findings. In rats, postnatal maternal separation can produce lasting increases in emotional behavior and stressor-reactivity, together with alterations in various brain neurotransmitter systems implicated in emotionality, including corticotropin-releasing factor, serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate. Genetic differences between inbred mouse strains have been exploited to further study how maternal behavior affects emotional development using techniques such as cross-fostering and generation of inter-strain hybrids. Together with our own recent data, the findings of these studies demonstrate the pervasive influence of maternal and social environments during sensitive developmental periods and reveal how genetic factors determine how these early life experiences can shape brain and behavior throughout life.

摘要

众所周知,童年创伤会增加患情绪障碍和成瘾的风险。然而,目前对于这些影响的神经发育基础,或者基因和表观遗传因素如何与环境相互作用以塑造服务于情绪的系统,人们了解甚少。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了利用早期生活情绪体验的啮齿动物模型在实验室中研究这些问题,并展示了我们的一些相关发现。在大鼠中,产后母婴分离会导致情绪行为和应激反应持续增加,同时涉及情绪的各种大脑神经递质系统也会发生改变,包括促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子、血清素、去甲肾上腺素和谷氨酸。利用近交系小鼠品系之间的基因差异,通过交叉寄养和品系间杂种的培育等技术,进一步研究母性行为如何影响情绪发展。连同我们自己最近的数据,这些研究结果证明了敏感发育时期母婴和社会环境的普遍影响,并揭示了基因因素如何决定这些早期生活经历如何在一生中塑造大脑和行为。

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