Stamer U, Stüber F
Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Schmerz. 2005 Oct;19(5):372-7. doi: 10.1007/s00482-005-0422-y.
Recent advances in knowledge about gene structure derived from the human genome project has also revealed data on genomic variation and their possible impact on complex and acute diseases as well as pharmacotherapy. The hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for complex diseases such as pain syndromes, side effects, and adverse outcomes challenging the clinician is ready to be tested by advanced genetic-epidemiologic study designs employing the latest genotyping technology. In pain therapy, the genetic background of the efficacy of analgesics, especially of opioids, is of particular interest. Genetic differences in drug kinetics and dynamics, e.g., differences in metabolism or genetic variations of the drug target (e.g., receptors) will be of importance in the future. Pharmacogenetics can individualize pharmacotherapy and improve care by predicting the optimal dose and avoiding side effects and toxicity in individual patients.
人类基因组计划在基因结构知识方面的最新进展，也揭示了有关基因组变异的数据，以及它们对复杂疾病、急性疾病和药物治疗可能产生的影响。对于诸如疼痛综合征、副作用和不良后果等复杂疾病存在遗传易感性的假说，正挑战着临床医生，而这一假说已准备好通过采用最新基因分型技术的先进遗传流行病学研究设计来进行检验。在疼痛治疗中，尤其是阿片类药物等镇痛药疗效的遗传背景，特别引人关注。药物动力学和药物动力学方面的遗传差异，例如代谢差异或药物靶点（如受体）的基因变异，在未来将具有重要意义。药物遗传学可以使药物治疗个体化，并通过预测最佳剂量以及避免个体患者出现副作用和毒性来改善治疗效果。
