Reinhardt Didier
Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Int J Dev Biol. 2005;49(5-6):539-46. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.041922dr.
Plant architecture is characterized by a high degree of regularity. Leaves, flowers and floral organs are arranged in regular patterns, a phenomenon referred to as phyllotaxis. Regular phyllotaxis is found in virtually all higher plants, from mosses, over ferns, to gymnosperms and angiosperms. Due to its remarkable precision, its beauty and its accessibility, phyllotaxis has for centuries been the object of admiration and scientific examination. There have been numerous hypotheses to explain the nature of the mechanistic principle behind phyllotaxis, however, not all of them have been amenable to experimental examination. This is due mainly to the delicacy and small size of the shoot apical meristem, where plant organs are formed and the phyllotactic patterns are laid down. Recently, the combination of genetics, molecular tools and micromanipulation has resulted in the identification of auxin as a central player in organ formation and positioning. This paper discusses some aspects of phyllotactic patterns found in nature and summarizes our current understanding of the regulatory mechanism behind phyllotaxis.
植物结构具有高度的规律性。叶子、花朵和花器官以规则的模式排列，这种现象被称为叶序。几乎在所有高等植物中都能发现规则叶序，从苔藓、蕨类植物，到裸子植物和被子植物。由于其显著的精确性、美观性以及易于研究，几个世纪以来叶序一直是令人赞叹和科学研究的对象。有许多假说来解释叶序背后机械原理的本质，然而，并非所有假说都适合进行实验验证。这主要是由于茎尖分生组织的精细和微小，植物器官在那里形成，叶序模式也在那里确立。最近，遗传学、分子工具和显微操作的结合，使得生长素被确定为器官形成和定位的核心因素。本文讨论了自然界中发现的叶序模式的一些方面，并总结了我们目前对叶序背后调控机制的理解。
