Adams Keith L, Wendel Jonathan F
UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research, 2357 Main Mall, MacMillan Building, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
Trends Genet. 2005 Oct;21(10):539-43. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2005.07.009.
Genome doubling, or polyploidy, is a major factor accounting for duplicate genes found in most eukaryotic genomes. Polyploidy has considerable effects on duplicate gene expression, including silencing and up- or downregulation of one of the duplicated genes. These changes can arise with the onset of polyploidization or within several generations after polyploid formation and they can have epigenetic causal factors. Many expression alterations are organ-specific. Specific genes can be independently and repeatedly silenced during polyploidization, whereas patterns for other genes appear to be more stochastic. Three recent reports have provided intriguing new insights into the patterns, timing and mechanisms of gene expression changes that accompany polyploidy in plants.
基因组加倍，即多倍体现象，是大多数真核生物基因组中存在重复基因的主要原因。多倍体对重复基因的表达有相当大的影响，包括使其中一个重复基因沉默以及上调或下调其表达。这些变化可能在多倍体化开始时出现，也可能在多倍体形成后的几代内出现，并且可能具有表观遗传的因果因素。许多表达改变具有器官特异性。特定基因在多倍体化过程中可独立且反复地沉默，而其他基因的模式似乎更具随机性。最近的三项报告为植物多倍体化过程中伴随的基因表达变化的模式、时间和机制提供了有趣的新见解。
