Xiao Yafang, Wang Jianbo
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Apr 8;14(8):1160. doi: 10.3390/plants14081160.
Transposon is the main component of the eukaryotic genome, and more and more plant genome data show that transposons are diverse in regulating genome structure, variation, function and evolution, with different transposition mechanisms in the genome. Hybridization and polyploidy play an important role in promoting plant speciation and evolution, and recent studies have shown that polyploidy is usually accompanied by the expansion of transposons, which affect the genome size and structure of polyploid plants. Transposons can insert into genes and intergenic regions, resulting in great differences in the overall genome structure of closely related plant species, and it can also capture gene segments in the genome to increase the copy number of genes. In addition, transposons influence the epigenetic modification state of the genome and regulate the expression of the gene, while plant phenotype, biological and abiotic stress response are also regulated by transposons. Overall, transposons play an important role in the plant genome, especially polyploid plant genome, adaptation and evolution.
转座子是真核生物基因组的主要组成部分，越来越多的植物基因组数据表明，转座子在调节基因组结构、变异、功能和进化方面具有多样性，在基因组中具有不同的转座机制。杂交和多倍体在促进植物物种形成和进化中起重要作用，最近的研究表明，多倍体通常伴随着转座子的扩张，这影响了多倍体植物的基因组大小和结构。转座子可插入基因和基因间区域，导致亲缘关系密切的植物物种在整体基因组结构上存在巨大差异，它还能在基因组中捕获基因片段以增加基因拷贝数。此外，转座子影响基因组的表观遗传修饰状态并调节基因表达，而植物表型、生物和非生物胁迫响应也受转座子调控。总体而言，转座子在植物基因组尤其是多倍体植物基因组、适应和进化中发挥着重要作用。
