García-Alsina Joan, García Almazan Concepción, Moranta Mesquida José, Pleguezuelos Cobo Eulogio
Instituto de Valoración Corporal, Roger de Llùria, 33, 08009 Barcelona, Spain.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2005 Nov;20(9):932-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.05.005.
To define the normal range, velocity and consistency of the movement of active arm elevation with humerus in neutral or in external rotation using a simplified kinematic model.
Nine normal volunteers and the non-involved side of twenty five patients with unilateral shoulder lesion participated. A 3D optoelectronic tracking system was used to register the movement of raising the arm from the normal upright position to maximal elevation in a repetitive way. Peak humeral position, range of movement, velocity of motion and consistency of cycles were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, correlation between variables and with sex, age and side are presented, including differences between performances of movement done in neutral or external rotation.
Data of the six variables were: maximal abduction 142 degrees [137.4-147.0], range of motion 118.1 degrees [112-124], maximal velocity 238 degrees/s [209-265]; mean velocity 113 degrees/s [96-130]; coefficient of variation of maximal angular abduction was 2.2% [1.7-2.7]; coefficient of variation of maximal velocity 8.6% [7.3-9.9]. No significant differences were observed either on side, sex or between the shoulder of normal volunteers or that of the patients with opposite shoulder lesions. Participants older than 45 years old showed only a significant slightly lower average velocity. The study confirms the weak association between dependent (biomechanical) and independent variables.
As it is described here, analysis of arm elevation has not been previously studied and shows that has a good consistency in angular position, velocity and repeatability of motion in normal conditions which permits a picture of the overall performance of the shoulder.
使用简化的运动学模型来定义在肱骨中立位或外旋位时主动手臂抬高运动的正常范围、速度和一致性。
9名正常志愿者以及25名单侧肩部损伤患者的未受伤侧参与了研究。使用三维光电跟踪系统以重复方式记录从正常直立位将手臂抬高至最大高度的运动。分析了肱骨的峰值位置、运动范围、运动速度和周期一致性。给出了描述性统计、变量之间以及与性别、年龄和侧别的相关性，包括中立位或外旋位运动表现之间的差异。
六个变量的数据如下：最大外展142度[137.4 - 147.0]，运动范围118.1度[112 - 124]，最大速度238度/秒[209 - 265]；平均速度113度/秒[96 - 130]；最大角度外展的变异系数为2.2%[1.7 - 2.7]；最大速度的变异系数为8.6%[7.3 - 9.9]。在侧别、性别方面，以及正常志愿者肩部与对侧肩部损伤患者肩部之间均未观察到显著差异。45岁以上的参与者仅显示平均速度显著略低。该研究证实了因变量（生物力学）与自变量之间的弱相关性。
如本文所述，手臂抬高分析此前尚未被研究过，且研究表明在正常情况下，其在角度位置、速度和运动可重复性方面具有良好的一致性，这有助于描绘肩部的整体表现。
