Johnson Ray, Barnhardt Jack, Zhu John
Department of Psychology, Queens College CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Aug;24(3):386-404. doi: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.02.011. Epub 2005 Apr 7.
Behavior and event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded while participants made truthful and deceptive responses about previously memorized words under three instructional conditions: consistent truthful, consistent deceptive, and random deceptive. To determine if practice affected the deception-related activity we reported previously [R. Johnson, Jr., J. Barnhardt, J. Zhu, The deceptive response: effects of response conflict and strategic monitoring on the late positive component and episodic memory-related brain activity. Biol. Psychol., 64 (2003) 217-253; R. Johnson, Jr., J. Barnhardt, J. Zhu, The contribution of executive processes to deceptive responding. Neuropsychologia, 42 (2004) 878-901], participants performed two blocks of 145 trials of each condition. In the consistent truthful condition, practice benefited performance as indicated by decreased reaction time (RT) and RT variability. In addition, practice increased P300 amplitude and decreased the amplitude of a medial frontal negativity (MFN), which is believed to index the use of response-monitoring processes. However, a different pattern of results obtained in the two deception conditions. Although practice decreased RTs by almost as much as in the consistent truthful condition, the extent to which deceptive response in both conditions were slower than those in the consistent truthful condition actually increased slightly. Hence, the component of RT reflecting processing of conflicting response information did not decrease. In accord with the RT results, MFN amplitudes in the consistent deceptive and random deceptive conditions were unaffected by practice, suggesting that the amount of executive processes required to make and/or monitor deceptive responses was undiminished by practice. Although P300 amplitude increased slightly in the consistent deceptive condition, there was no change in the random deceptive condition. Thus, a major finding here is that, unlike truthful responses, the conceptually driven response conflicts underlying deceptive responses appear to be as resistant to practice-induced changes as described previously for perceptually driven response conflicts.
在三种指导条件下，当参与者对之前记忆的单词做出真实和欺骗性反应时，记录其行为和事件相关电位（ERP）：持续真实、持续欺骗和随机欺骗。为了确定练习是否会影响我们之前报道过的与欺骗相关的活动[R. 小约翰逊、J. 巴恩哈特、J. 朱，《欺骗性反应：反应冲突和策略性监测对晚期正成分和情景记忆相关脑活动的影响》。《生物心理学》，64（2003）217 - 253；R. 小约翰逊、J. 巴恩哈特、J. 朱，《执行过程对欺骗性反应的贡献》。《神经心理学》，42（2004）878 - 901]，参与者对每种条件进行两个包含145次试验的组块。在持续真实条件下，练习提高了表现，反应时间（RT）和RT变异性降低表明了这一点。此外，练习增加了P300波幅并降低了内侧额叶负波（MFN）的波幅，内侧额叶负波被认为是反应监测过程使用的指标。然而，在两种欺骗条件下得到了不同的结果模式。尽管练习使RTs降低的幅度几乎与持续真实条件下相同，但两种条件下欺骗性反应比持续真实条件下的反应慢的程度实际上略有增加。因此，反映冲突反应信息处理的RT成分并未降低。与RT结果一致，持续欺骗和随机欺骗条件下的MFN波幅不受练习影响，这表明做出和/或监测欺骗性反应所需的执行过程量并未因练习而减少。尽管在持续欺骗条件下P300波幅略有增加，但在随机欺骗条件下没有变化。因此，这里的一个主要发现是，与真实反应不同，欺骗性反应背后概念驱动的反应冲突似乎与之前描述的感知驱动的反应冲突一样，对练习引起的变化具有抗性。
