Biagioli Frances
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97219, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2005 Aug 1;72(3):473-8.
The number one cause of death for children younger than 14 years is vehicular injury. Child safety seats and automobile safety belts protect children in a crash if they are used correctly, but if a child does not fit in the restraint correctly, it can lead to injury. A child safety seat should be used until the child correctly fits into an adult seat belt. It is important for physicians caring for children to know what child safety seats are available and which types of seats are safest. Three memory keys will help guide appropriate child safety seat choice: (1) Backwards is Best; (2) 20-40-80; and (3) Boost Until Big Enough. "Backwards is Best" cues the physician that infants are safest in a head-on crash when they are facing backward. "20-40-80" reminds the physician that children may need to transition to a different seat when they reach 20, 40, or 80 lb. "Boost Until Big Enough" emphasizes that children need to use booster seats until they are big enough to fit properly into an adult safety belt.
14岁以下儿童的首要死因是交通伤害。如果使用得当，儿童安全座椅和汽车安全带可在碰撞中保护儿童，但如果儿童未正确适配约束装置，可能会导致受伤。儿童应一直使用儿童安全座椅，直到能够正确使用成人安全带为止。对于照顾儿童的医生来说，了解有哪些儿童安全座椅可供选择以及哪种类型的座椅最安全非常重要。三个记忆要点将有助于指导正确选择儿童安全座椅：（1）向后坐最佳；（2）20-40-80；（3）足够大时再用增高垫。“向后坐最佳”提示医生，婴儿在正面碰撞中向后坐时最安全。“20-40-80”提醒医生，儿童体重达到20磅、40磅或80磅时可能需要更换到不同的座椅。“足够大时再用增高垫”强调，儿童需要使用增高垫，直到他们足够大能够正确使用成人安全带。
